Robert D Gibbons1, David J Kupfer2, Ellen Frank2, Benjamin B Lahey3, Brandie A George-Milford4, Candice L Biernesser5, Giovanna Porta4, Tara L Moore6, Jong Bae Kim7, David A Brent8. 1. University of Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: rdg@uchicago.edu. 2. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania. 3. University of Chicago, Illinois. 4. UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 5. UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital and the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 6. HealthRhythms, Inc., New York. 7. Center for Health Statistics, University of Chicago, Illinois. 8. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania; UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: At least half of youths with mental disorders are unrecognized and untreated. Rapid, accurate assessment of child mental disorders could facilitate identification and referral and potentially reduce the occurrence of functional disability that stems from early-onset mental disorders. METHOD: Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) based on multidimensional item response theory were developed for depression, anxiety, mania/hypomania, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and suicidality, based on parent and child ratings of 1,060 items each. In phase 1, CATs were developed from 801 participants. In phase 2, predictive, discriminant, and convergent validity were tested against semi-structured research interviews for diagnoses and suicidality in 497 patients and 104 healthy controls. Overall strength of association was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: The child and parent independently completed the Kiddie-Computerized Adaptive Tests (K-CATs) in a median time of 7.56 and 5.03 minutes, respectively, with an average of 7 items per domain. The K-CATs accurately captured the presence of diagnoses (AUCs from 0.83 for generalized anxiety disorder to 0.92 for major depressive disorder) and suicidal ideation (AUC = 0.996). Strong correlations with extant measures were found (r ≥ 0.60). Test-retest reliability averaged r = 0.80. CONCLUSION: These K-CATs provide a new approach to child psychopathology screening and measurement. Testing can be completed by child and parent in less than 8 minutes and yields results that are highly convergent with much more time-consuming structured clinical interviews and dimensional severity assessment and measurement. Testing of the implementation of the K-CAT is now indicated.
OBJECTIVE: At least half of youths with mental disorders are unrecognized and untreated. Rapid, accurate assessment of childmental disorders could facilitate identification and referral and potentially reduce the occurrence of functional disability that stems from early-onset mental disorders. METHOD: Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) based on multidimensional item response theory were developed for depression, anxiety, mania/hypomania, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and suicidality, based on parent and child ratings of 1,060 items each. In phase 1, CATs were developed from 801 participants. In phase 2, predictive, discriminant, and convergent validity were tested against semi-structured research interviews for diagnoses and suicidality in 497 patients and 104 healthy controls. Overall strength of association was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS: The child and parent independently completed the Kiddie-Computerized Adaptive Tests (K-CATs) in a median time of 7.56 and 5.03 minutes, respectively, with an average of 7 items per domain. The K-CATs accurately captured the presence of diagnoses (AUCs from 0.83 for generalized anxiety disorder to 0.92 for major depressive disorder) and suicidal ideation (AUC = 0.996). Strong correlations with extant measures were found (r ≥ 0.60). Test-retest reliability averaged r = 0.80. CONCLUSION: These K-CATs provide a new approach to child psychopathology screening and measurement. Testing can be completed by child and parent in less than 8 minutes and yields results that are highly convergent with much more time-consuming structured clinical interviews and dimensional severity assessment and measurement. Testing of the implementation of the K-CAT is now indicated.
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