Kohta Fujiwara1,2, Miho Yasuda3, Jun Hata4,5,6, Daigo Yoshida4,5, Hiro Kishimoto4, Sawako Hashimoto4,3, Takeshi Yoshitomi7, Toshiharu Ninomiya4,5,6, Koh-Hei Sonoda3. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. k-fuji@eye.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. k-fuji@eye.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 5. Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 6. Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. 7. Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the association between long-term regular exercise (exercise frequency and exercise time) and 5-year changes in intraocular pressure in a general Japanese population. METHODS: This population-based, cohort study was conducted in 2007. A total of 3119 Japanese community dwellers aged ≥ 40 years underwent eye examinations including intraocular pressure measurement with a noncontact tonometer. Of these, 1871 subjects (801 men and 1070 women) who underwent intraocular pressure measurement in 2012 participated. We assessed the associations of exercise frequency and exercise time with intraocular pressure using a linear regression model, adjusted for age and possible risk factors that can affect intraocular pressure. RESULTS: The mean 5-year intraocular pressure change ± standard deviation was - 0.84 ± 1.9 mmHg. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking habit, alcohol intake, work intensity levels, and intraocular pressure at baseline, we observed that increased exercise frequency (times/week) and increased exercise time (min/week) were both significantly associated with reduced intraocular pressure (p < 0.05 each). In the subgroup analyses based on the presence/absence of possible confounding risk factors, there was no evidence of heterogeneity among all subgroups (p for heterogeneity > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Increased exercise frequency levels and increased exercise time are both independently associated with reduced intraocular pressure levels after adjustment for confounding factors.
PURPOSE: To investigate the association between long-term regular exercise (exercise frequency and exercise time) and 5-year changes in intraocular pressure in a general Japanese population. METHODS: This population-based, cohort study was conducted in 2007. A total of 3119 Japanese community dwellers aged ≥ 40 years underwent eye examinations including intraocular pressure measurement with a noncontact tonometer. Of these, 1871 subjects (801 men and 1070 women) who underwent intraocular pressure measurement in 2012 participated. We assessed the associations of exercise frequency and exercise time with intraocular pressure using a linear regression model, adjusted for age and possible risk factors that can affect intraocular pressure. RESULTS: The mean 5-year intraocular pressure change ± standard deviation was - 0.84 ± 1.9 mmHg. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking habit, alcohol intake, work intensity levels, and intraocular pressure at baseline, we observed that increased exercise frequency (times/week) and increased exercise time (min/week) were both significantly associated with reduced intraocular pressure (p < 0.05 each). In the subgroup analyses based on the presence/absence of possible confounding risk factors, there was no evidence of heterogeneity among all subgroups (p for heterogeneity > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Increased exercise frequency levels and increased exercise time are both independently associated with reduced intraocular pressure levels after adjustment for confounding factors.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cohort study; Intraocular pressure; Long-term exercise; Population-based study
Authors: Michael A Kass; Dale K Heuer; Eve J Higginbotham; Chris A Johnson; John L Keltner; J Philip Miller; Richard K Parrish; M Roy Wilson; Mae O Gordon Journal: Arch Ophthalmol Date: 2002-06