M Usman Ahmad1,2, Afif Hanna3, Ahmed-Zayn Mohamed3,4, Alex Schlindwein5, Caitlin Pley5, Ingrid Bahner6, Rahul Mhaskar7,8,9, Gavin J Pettigrew10, Tambi Jarmi9,11. 1. Medical Edu., USF Morsani College of Medicine (MCOM), 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA. musman.ahmad@cuanschutz.edu. 2. Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. musman.ahmad@cuanschutz.edu. 3. Medical Edu., USF Morsani College of Medicine (MCOM), 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA. 4. Legal Edu., Stetson University College of Law, 1401 61st St S, Gulfport, FL, USA. 5. Medical Edu., University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, UK. 6. Department of Molecular Med, USF MCOM, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd MDC 7, Tampa, FL, USA. 7. Office of Research, USF MCOM, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd MDC 27, Tampa, FL, USA. 8. Global Health, USF College of Public Health, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd MDC 27, Tampa, FL, USA. 9. Department of Internal Medicine, USF MCOM, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA. 10. Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 11. Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 4500, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Significant numbers of patients in the USA and UK die while waiting for solid organ transplant. Only 1-2% of deaths are eligible as donors with a fraction of the deceased donating organs. The form of consent to donation may affect the organs available. Forms of consent include: opt-in, mandated choice, opt-out, and organ conscription. Opt-in and opt-out are commonly practiced. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of opt-in versus opt-out consent on the deceased donation rate (DDR) and deceased transplantation rate (DTR). METHODS: Literature searches of PubMed and EMBASE between 2006 and 2016 were performed. Research studies were selected based on certain inclusion criteria which include USA, UK, and Spain; compare opt-in versus opt-out; primary data analysis; and reported DDR or DTR. Modeled effect on US transplant activity was conducted using public data from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and Centers for Disease Control WONDER from 2006 to 2015. RESULTS: A total of 2400 studies were screened and six studies were included. Four studies reported opt-out consent increases DDR by 21-76% over 5-14 years. These studies compared 13-25 opt-out countries versus 9-23 opt-in countries. Three studies reported opt-out consent increases DTR by 38-83% over 11-13 years. These studies compared 22-25 opt-out versus 22-28 opt-in countries. Modeled opt-out activity on the USA resulted in 4753-17,201 additional transplants annually. CONCLUSION: Opt-out consent increases DDR and DTR and may be useful in decreasing deaths on the waiting list in the USA and other countries. REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42019098759.
BACKGROUND: Significant numbers of patients in the USA and UK die while waiting for solid organ transplant. Only 1-2% of deaths are eligible as donors with a fraction of the deceased donating organs. The form of consent to donation may affect the organs available. Forms of consent include: opt-in, mandated choice, opt-out, and organ conscription. Opt-in and opt-out are commonly practiced. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of opt-in versus opt-out consent on the deceased donation rate (DDR) and deceased transplantation rate (DTR). METHODS: Literature searches of PubMed and EMBASE between 2006 and 2016 were performed. Research studies were selected based on certain inclusion criteria which include USA, UK, and Spain; compare opt-in versus opt-out; primary data analysis; and reported DDR or DTR. Modeled effect on US transplant activity was conducted using public data from Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and Centers for Disease Control WONDER from 2006 to 2015. RESULTS: A total of 2400 studies were screened and six studies were included. Four studies reported opt-out consent increases DDR by 21-76% over 5-14 years. These studies compared 13-25 opt-out countries versus 9-23 opt-in countries. Three studies reported opt-out consent increases DTR by 38-83% over 11-13 years. These studies compared 22-25 opt-out versus 22-28 opt-in countries. Modeled opt-out activity on the USA resulted in 4753-17,201 additional transplants annually. CONCLUSION:Opt-out consent increases DDR and DTR and may be useful in decreasing deaths on the waiting list in the USA and other countries. REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42019098759.
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