Carolina Sales Vieira1, Ian S Fraser2, Marlena G Plagianos3, Anne E Burke4, Carolyn L Westhoff5, Jeffrey Jensen6, Vivian Brache7, Luis Bahamondes8, Ruth Merkatz3, Regine Sitruk-Ware3, Diana L Blithe9. 1. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 - Campus Universitário - Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.; Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York City, NY, 10065, USA.. Electronic address: carol.sales@uol.com.br. 2. The University of New South Wales, School of Women's and Children's Health, Royal Hospital for Women, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. 3. Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York City, NY, 10065, USA. 4. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA. 6. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. 7. Profamilia, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Caixa Postal 6181, CEP 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 9. Contraceptive Development Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe bleeding patterns among users of the segesterone acetate (SA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) contraceptive vaginal system (CVS), and identify factors associated with unscheduled bleeding/spotting (B/S). STUDY DESIGN: We pooled results from two multicenter, single-arm, open-label, pivotal, phase 3 studies of the SA/EE CVS conducted in 17 US and 7 international sites. Participants (age 18-40 years; BMI ≤29 kg/m2) followed a 21/7-day in/out schedule of CVS use for up to 13 cycles and recorded vaginal bleeding daily in paper diaries. Scheduled and unscheduled B/S were summarized by cycle. We used multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with unscheduled bleeding/spotting, based on the first 4 cycles only. RESULTS: Analysis included data from 2070 participants (16,408 cycles). Ninety-eight percent documented scheduled B/S [mean (SD): 4.9 (1.1) days/cycle)]. Absence of scheduled B/S was 5-8% of women/cycle. Unscheduled B/S ranged from 13.2% to 21.7% of women per cycle. Few women (1.8%) discontinued prematurely due to unacceptable bleeding. Black women were more likely to report unscheduled B/S than White women [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.94]. Women with fewer years of schooling [<high school (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.43-0.90); high school graduate (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI=0.60-0.97)] were less likely to report any episode of unscheduled B/S compared to college graduates. CONCLUSIONS: Participants using the SA/EE CVS up to 13 cycles reported good cycle control. Discontinuation due to unacceptable bleeding was very low. Further research into demographic/other differences with reported unscheduled bleeding is warranted. IMPLICATIONS: Since good cycle control is a key factor influencing contraceptive selection, adherence and continuation of combined hormonal contraceptives, the favorable bleeding profiles experienced by women during the SA/EE CVS clinical trials provide reassuring information for prospective users.
OBJECTIVES: To describe bleeding patterns among users of the segesterone acetate (SA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) contraceptive vaginal system (CVS), and identify factors associated with unscheduled bleeding/spotting (B/S). STUDY DESIGN: We pooled results from two multicenter, single-arm, open-label, pivotal, phase 3 studies of the SA/EE CVS conducted in 17 US and 7 international sites. Participants (age 18-40 years; BMI ≤29 kg/m2) followed a 21/7-day in/out schedule of CVS use for up to 13 cycles and recorded vaginal bleeding daily in paper diaries. Scheduled and unscheduled B/S were summarized by cycle. We used multiple logistic regression to identify factors associated with unscheduled bleeding/spotting, based on the first 4 cycles only. RESULTS: Analysis included data from 2070 participants (16,408 cycles). Ninety-eight percent documented scheduled B/S [mean (SD): 4.9 (1.1) days/cycle)]. Absence of scheduled B/S was 5-8% of women/cycle. Unscheduled B/S ranged from 13.2% to 21.7% of women per cycle. Few women (1.8%) discontinued prematurely due to unacceptable bleeding. Black women were more likely to report unscheduled B/S than White women [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.94]. Women with fewer years of schooling [<high school (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.43-0.90); high school graduate (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI=0.60-0.97)] were less likely to report any episode of unscheduled B/S compared to college graduates. CONCLUSIONS:Participants using the SA/EE CVS up to 13 cycles reported good cycle control. Discontinuation due to unacceptable bleeding was very low. Further research into demographic/other differences with reported unscheduled bleeding is warranted. IMPLICATIONS: Since good cycle control is a key factor influencing contraceptive selection, adherence and continuation of combined hormonal contraceptives, the favorable bleeding profiles experienced by women during the SA/EE CVS clinical trials provide reassuring information for prospective users.
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