Carolyn Y Fang1, Brian L Egleston2, Celia Byrne3, Gregory S Bohr4, Harsh B Pathak5, Andrew K Godwin5,6, Philip T Siu7, Marilyn Tseng8. 1. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA. Carolyn.Fang@fccc.edu. 2. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. 4. Social Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407-0329, USA. 5. Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. 6. University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. 7. Chinatown Medical Services, Greater Philadelphia Health Action, Inc., 930 Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19147, USA. 8. Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: We examined associations of inflammation with breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, among female Chinese immigrants and explored whether associations varied by neighborhood environment. METHODS: Assessments of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and breast density were performed among 401 Chinese immigrants across the Philadelphia region. Participant addresses were geocoded, with the majority residing in areas representing traditional urban enclaves (i.e., Chinatown and South Philadelphia) or an emerging enclave with a smaller, but rapidly growing Chinese immigrant population (i.e., the Near Northeast). The remainder was classified as residing in non-enclaves. RESULTS: In multivariable adjusted regression models, CRP was inversely associated with dense breast area (p = 0.01). Levels of sTNFR2 were also inversely associated with dense breast area, but these associations varied by neighborhood (interaction p = 0.01); specifically, inverse associations were observed among women residing in the emerging enclave (p = 0.03), but not other neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS: Among Chinese immigrant women, aggregate analyses that do not take neighborhood context into consideration can mask potential variations in association of inflammatory markers with breast density. Future studies should consider how neighborhood contextual factors may contribute to differential risk pathways.
PURPOSE: We examined associations of inflammation with breast density, a marker of breast cancer risk, among female Chinese immigrants and explored whether associations varied by neighborhood environment. METHODS: Assessments of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and breast density were performed among 401 Chinese immigrants across the Philadelphia region. Participant addresses were geocoded, with the majority residing in areas representing traditional urban enclaves (i.e., Chinatown and South Philadelphia) or an emerging enclave with a smaller, but rapidly growing Chinese immigrant population (i.e., the Near Northeast). The remainder was classified as residing in non-enclaves. RESULTS: In multivariable adjusted regression models, CRP was inversely associated with dense breast area (p = 0.01). Levels of sTNFR2 were also inversely associated with dense breast area, but these associations varied by neighborhood (interaction p = 0.01); specifically, inverse associations were observed among women residing in the emerging enclave (p = 0.03), but not other neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS: Among Chinese immigrant women, aggregate analyses that do not take neighborhood context into consideration can mask potential variations in association of inflammatory markers with breast density. Future studies should consider how neighborhood contextual factors may contribute to differential risk pathways.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acculturation; Asian; Breast density; Immigrant; Inflammation; Neighborhood
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