BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is associated with processes that contribute to the onset or progression of cancer. This study examined the relationships between circulating levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and total as well as site-specific cancer incidence. METHODS: Study subjects (n = 2,438) were older adults (ages 70-79 years) participating in the Health Aging and Body Composition study, who did not report a previous cancer diagnosis (except for nonmelanoma skin cancer) at baseline. Incident cancer events (n = 296) were ascertained during an average follow-up of 5.5 years. Inflammatory markers were measured in stored baseline fasting blood samples. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident cancer associated with a 1-unit increase on the natural log-scale were 1.13 (0.94-1.37), 1.25 (1.09-1.43), and 1.28 (0.96-1.70) for IL-6, CRP, and TNF-alpha, respectively. Markers were more strongly associated with cancer death: hazard ratios were 1.63 (1.19-2.23) for IL-6, 1.64 (1.20-2.24) for CRP, and 1.82 (1.14-2.92) for TNF-alpha. Although precision was low for site-specific analyses, our results suggest that all three markers were associated with lung cancer, that IL-6 and CRP were associated with colorectal cancer, and that CRP was associated with breast cancer. Prostate cancer was not associated with any of these markers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that (a) the associations between IL-6, CRP, and TNF-alpha and the risk of cancer may be site specific and (b) increased levels of inflammatory markers are more strongly associated with the risk of cancer death than cancer incidence.
BACKGROUND:Chronic inflammation is associated with processes that contribute to the onset or progression of cancer. This study examined the relationships between circulating levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and total as well as site-specific cancer incidence. METHODS: Study subjects (n = 2,438) were older adults (ages 70-79 years) participating in the Health Aging and Body Composition study, who did not report a previous cancer diagnosis (except for nonmelanoma skin cancer) at baseline. Incident cancer events (n = 296) were ascertained during an average follow-up of 5.5 years. Inflammatory markers were measured in stored baseline fasting blood samples. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident cancer associated with a 1-unit increase on the natural log-scale were 1.13 (0.94-1.37), 1.25 (1.09-1.43), and 1.28 (0.96-1.70) for IL-6, CRP, and TNF-alpha, respectively. Markers were more strongly associated with cancer death: hazard ratios were 1.63 (1.19-2.23) for IL-6, 1.64 (1.20-2.24) for CRP, and 1.82 (1.14-2.92) for TNF-alpha. Although precision was low for site-specific analyses, our results suggest that all three markers were associated with lung cancer, that IL-6 and CRP were associated with colorectal cancer, and that CRP was associated with breast cancer. Prostate cancer was not associated with any of these markers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that (a) the associations between IL-6, CRP, and TNF-alpha and the risk of cancer may be site specific and (b) increased levels of inflammatory markers are more strongly associated with the risk of cancer death than cancer incidence.
Authors: Britton Trabert; Ligia Pinto; Patricia Hartge; Troy Kemp; Amanda Black; Mark E Sherman; Louise A Brinton; Ruth M Pfeiffer; Meredith S Shiels; Anil K Chaturvedi; Allan Hildesheim; Nicolas Wentzensen Journal: Gynecol Oncol Date: 2014-08-23 Impact factor: 5.482
Authors: Gang Wang; Ni Li; Sheng Chang; Bryan A Bassig; Lanwei Guo; Jiansong Ren; Kai Su; Fang Li; Shuohua Chen; Shouling Wu; Yuhuan Zou; Min Dai; Tongzhang Zheng; Jie He Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2014-12-09 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Joshua Demb; Esther K Wei; Monika Izano; Stephen Kritchevsky; Helen Swede; Anne B Newman; Michael Shlipak; Tomi Akinyemiju; Steven Gregorich; Dejana Braithwaite Journal: J Geriatr Oncol Date: 2018-08-03 Impact factor: 3.599
Authors: Mazhar Al-Zoubi; Galina Chipitsyna; Shivam Saxena; Konrad Sarosiek; Ankit Gandhi; Christopher Y Kang; Daniel Relles; Jocelyn Andrelsendecki; Terry Hyslop; Charles J Yeo; Hwyda A Arafat Journal: J Gastrointest Surg Date: 2013-10-04 Impact factor: 3.452
Authors: David O Wilson; Joel L Weissfeld; Arzu Balkan; Jeffrey G Schragin; Carl R Fuhrman; Stephen N Fisher; Jonathan Wilson; Joseph K Leader; Jill M Siegfried; Steven D Shapiro; Frank C Sciurba Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2008-06-19 Impact factor: 21.405