Luca Giovanella1,2, Anca M Avram3, Ioannis Iakovou4, Jennifer Kwak5, Susan A Lawson3, Elizabeth Lulaj6, Markus Luster7, Arnoldo Piccardo8, Matthias Schmidt9, Mark Tulchinsky10, Frederick A Verburg7, Ely Wolin11. 1. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Competence Center, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Ospedale 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Luca.Giovanella@eoc.ch. 2. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Luca.Giovanella@eoc.ch. 3. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 4. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece. 5. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. 6. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA. 7. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Marburg University Hospital, Marburg, Germany. 8. Nuclear Medicine Unit, Imaging Department, Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy. 9. Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany. 10. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA. 11. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, David Grant Medical Center, Vacaville, CA, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Scintigraphic evaluation of the thyroid gland enables determination of the iodine-123 iodide or the 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake and distribution and remains the most accurate method for the diagnosis and quantification of thyroid autonomy and the detection of ectopic thyroid tissue. In addition, thyroid scintigraphy and radioiodine uptake test are useful to discriminate hyperthyroidism from destructive thyrotoxicosis and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, respectively. METHODS: Several radiopharmaceuticals are available to help in differentiating benign from malignant cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules and for supporting clinical decision-making. This joint practice guideline/procedure standard from the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) provides recommendations based on the available evidence in the literature. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this practice guideline/procedure standard is to assist imaging specialists and clinicians in recommending, performing, and interpreting the results of thyroid scintigraphy (including positron emission tomography) with various radiopharmaceuticals and radioiodine uptake test in patients with different thyroid diseases.
INTRODUCTION: Scintigraphic evaluation of the thyroid gland enables determination of the iodine-123 iodide or the 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake and distribution and remains the most accurate method for the diagnosis and quantification of thyroid autonomy and the detection of ectopic thyroid tissue. In addition, thyroid scintigraphy and radioiodine uptake test are useful to discriminate hyperthyroidism from destructive thyrotoxicosis and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, respectively. METHODS: Several radiopharmaceuticals are available to help in differentiating benign from malignant cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules and for supporting clinical decision-making. This joint practice guideline/procedure standard from the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) provides recommendations based on the available evidence in the literature. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this practice guideline/procedure standard is to assist imaging specialists and clinicians in recommending, performing, and interpreting the results of thyroid scintigraphy (including positron emission tomography) with various radiopharmaceuticals and radioiodine uptake test in patients with different thyroid diseases.
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