Clara Juárez-Ramírez1, Florence L Théodore2, Aremis Villalobos3, Betania Allen-Leigh3, Aida Jiménez-Corona4,5, Gustavo Nigenda6, Sarah Lewis7. 1. Centre for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico. 2. Centre for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, 6ª cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante 50, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City, CP 14000Mexico. 3. Centre for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico. 4. Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico. 5. General Directorate of Epidemiology, Health Secretariat, Mexico City, Mexico. 6. Faculty of Nursing, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. 7. Health Policy PhD Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To understand non-adherence to medically recommended diets among Mayans with diabetes. DESIGN: Using partially sequential mixed methods, questionnaires, semi-structured brief and in-depth interviews were applied. Questionnaire data were analysed with Pearson's χ2 and Student's t tests and qualitative interviews with grounded theory microanalysis. SETTING: Rural, predominantly Mayan communities in Chiapas, Quintana Roo and Yucatan, Mexico, 2008-2012. PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sample of Mayans with type 2 diabetes; using public health care; 168 women and twenty-seven men; age 21-50+ years. RESULTS: Participants understood diabetes as caused by negative emotions, divine punishment, revenge via spells, chemicals in food and high sugar/fat consumption. Eliminating corn, pork, sugary beverages and inexpensive industrialized foods was perceived as difficult or impossible. More Mayans reporting not understanding physician instructions (30 v. 18 %) reported difficulty reducing red meat consumption (P = 0·051). Non-adherence was influenced by lack of patient-provider shared knowledge and medical recommendations misaligned with local culture. Men whose wives prepared their meals, women who liked vegetables and young adults whose mothers prepared their meals reported greater adherence to dietary recommendations. Partial adherents said it made life tolerable and those making no physician-recommended dietary changes considered them too restrictive (they meant 'starving to death'). Over half (57 %) of participants reported non-adherence; the two principal reasons were dislike of recommended foods (52·5 %) and high cost (26·2 %). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to dietary regimens in diabetes treatment is largely related to social and cultural issues. Taking cultural diversity, food preferences, local food availability and poverty into consideration is essential when developing health-promotion activities related to diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: To understand non-adherence to medically recommended diets among Mayans with diabetes. DESIGN: Using partially sequential mixed methods, questionnaires, semi-structured brief and in-depth interviews were applied. Questionnaire data were analysed with Pearson's χ2 and Student's t tests and qualitative interviews with grounded theory microanalysis. SETTING: Rural, predominantly Mayan communities in Chiapas, Quintana Roo and Yucatan, Mexico, 2008-2012. PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sample of Mayans with type 2 diabetes; using public health care; 168 women and twenty-seven men; age 21-50+ years. RESULTS:Participants understood diabetes as caused by negative emotions, divine punishment, revenge via spells, chemicals in food and high sugar/fat consumption. Eliminating corn, pork, sugary beverages and inexpensive industrialized foods was perceived as difficult or impossible. More Mayans reporting not understanding physician instructions (30 v. 18 %) reported difficulty reducing red meat consumption (P = 0·051). Non-adherence was influenced by lack of patient-provider shared knowledge and medical recommendations misaligned with local culture. Men whose wives prepared their meals, women who liked vegetables and young adults whose mothers prepared their meals reported greater adherence to dietary recommendations. Partial adherents said it made life tolerable and those making no physician-recommended dietary changes considered them too restrictive (they meant 'starving to death'). Over half (57 %) of participants reported non-adherence; the two principal reasons were dislike of recommended foods (52·5 %) and high cost (26·2 %). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to dietary regimens in diabetes treatment is largely related to social and cultural issues. Taking cultural diversity, food preferences, local food availability and poverty into consideration is essential when developing health-promotion activities related to diabetes.
Authors: Hélio J Coelho-Junior; Riccardo Calvani; Anna Picca; Ivan O Gonçalves; Francesco Landi; Roberto Bernabei; Matteo Cesari; Marco C Uchida; Emanuele Marzetti Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 5.717