Laser-Calibrated System for Transnasal Fiberoptic Laryngeal High-Speed Videoendoscopy.

The design specifications and experimental characteristics of a newly developed laser-projection transnasal flexible endoscope coupled with a high-speed videoendoscopy system are provided. The hardware and software design of the proposed system benefits from the combination of structured green light projection and laser triangulation techniques, which provide the capability of calibrated absolute measurements of the laryngeal structures along the horizontal and vertical planes during phonation. Visual inspection of in vivo acquired images demonstrated sharp contrast between laser points and background, confirming successful design of the system. Objective analyses were carried out for assessing the irradiance of the system and the penetration of the green laser light into the red and blue channels in the recorded images. The analysis showed that the system has irradiance of 372 W/m2 at a working distance of 20 mm, which is well within the safety limits, indicating minimal risk of usage of the device on human subjects. Additionally, the color penetration analysis showed that, with probability of 90%, the ratio of contamination of the red channel from the green laser light is less than 0.002. This indicates minimal effect of the laser projection on the measurements performed on the red data channel, making the system applicable for calibrated 3D spatial-temporal segmentation and data-driven subject-specific modeling, which is important for further advancing voice science and clinical voice assessment.