Georgia M Sinclair1,2,3, Allyson L O'Brien1, Michael Keough1, David P De Souza4, Saravanan Dayalan4,5, Komal Kanojia4, Konstantinos Kouremenos4,6, Dedreia L Tull4, Rhys A Coleman7, Oliver A H Jones8, Sara M Long9,10,11. 1. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. 2. Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. 3. Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group, RMIT-University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. 4. Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. 5. CSL Limited, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010, Australia. 6. Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Pl, Ringwood, VIC, 3134, Australia. 7. Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, VIC, 3000, Australia. 8. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia. 9. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. sara.long@rmit.edu.au. 10. Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. sara.long@rmit.edu.au. 11. Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group, RMIT-University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. sara.long@rmit.edu.au.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Zinc is a heavy metal commonly detected in urban estuaries around Australia. Boscalid is a fungicide found in estuaries, both in water and sediment, it enters the system predominantly through agricultural run-off. Zinc is persistent while boscalid breaks down, with a half-life of 108 days. Both contaminants are widely distributed and their effects on ecosystems are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the metabolite changes in Simplisetia aequisetis (an estuarine polychaete) following laboratory exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of zinc or boscalid over a 2-week period. METHODS: Individuals were collected at six time points over a 2-week period. Whole polychaete metabolites were extracted and quantified using a multi-platform approach. Polar metabolites were detected using a semi-targeted GC-MS analysis and amine containing compounds were analysed using a targeted LC-MS analysis. Total lipid energy content was also analysed for Simplisetia aequisetis. RESULTS: The pathways that responded to zinc and boscalid exposure were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (AAG); glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (GST) and metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Results showed that changes in total abundance of some metabolites could be detected as early as 24-h exposure. Changes were detected in the metabolites before commonly used total lipid energy assays identified effects. CONCLUSION: A multi-platform approach provided a holistic overview of the metabolomic response to contaminants in polychaetes. This approach shows promise to be used in biomonitoring programs to provide early diagnostic indicators of contamination and exposure.
INTRODUCTION: Zinc is a heavy metal commonly detected in urban estuaries around Australia. Boscalid is a fungicide found in estuaries, both in water and sediment, it enters the system predominantly through agricultural run-off. Zinc is persistent while boscalid breaks down, with a half-life of 108 days. Both contaminants are widely distributed and their effects on ecosystems are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the metabolite changes in Simplisetia aequisetis (an estuarine polychaete) following laboratory exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of zinc or boscalid over a 2-week period. METHODS: Individuals were collected at six time points over a 2-week period. Whole polychaete metabolites were extracted and quantified using a multi-platform approach. Polar metabolites were detected using a semi-targeted GC-MS analysis and amine containing compounds were analysed using a targeted LC-MS analysis. Total lipid energy content was also analysed for Simplisetia aequisetis. RESULTS: The pathways that responded to zinc and boscalid exposure were alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (AAG); glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (GST) and metabolites associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Results showed that changes in total abundance of some metabolites could be detected as early as 24-h exposure. Changes were detected in the metabolites before commonly used total lipid energy assays identified effects. CONCLUSION: A multi-platform approach provided a holistic overview of the metabolomic response to contaminants in polychaetes. This approach shows promise to be used in biomonitoring programs to provide early diagnostic indicators of contamination and exposure.
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Authors: Georgia M Sinclair; Allyson L O'Brien; Michael Keough; David P de Souza; Saravanan Dayalan; Komal Kanojia; Konstantinos Kouremenos; Dedreia L Tull; Rhys A Coleman; Oliver A H Jones; Sara M Long Journal: Metabolites Date: 2019-10-15