Literature DB >> 31313636

Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements.

Lisa Feldman Barrett1,2,3, Ralph Adolphs4, Stacy Marsella1,5,6, Aleix M Martinez7, Seth D Pollak8.   

Abstract

It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This assumption influences legal judgments, policy decisions, national security protocols, and educational practices; guides the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illness, as well as the development of commercial applications; and pervades everyday social interactions as well as research in other scientific fields such as artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and computer vision. In this article, we survey examples of this widespread assumption, which we refer to as the common view, and we then examine the scientific evidence that tests this view, focusing on the six most popular emotion categories used by consumers of emotion research: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. The available scientific evidence suggests that people do sometimes smile when happy, frown when sad, scowl when angry, and so on, as proposed by the common view, more than what would be expected by chance. Yet how people communicate anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise varies substantially across cultures, situations, and even across people within a single situation. Furthermore, similar configurations of facial movements variably express instances of more than one emotion category. In fact, a given configuration of facial movements, such as a scowl, often communicates something other than an emotional state. Scientists agree that facial movements convey a range of information and are important for social communication, emotional or otherwise. But our review suggests an urgent need for research that examines how people actually move their faces to express emotions and other social information in the variety of contexts that make up everyday life, as well as careful study of the mechanisms by which people perceive instances of emotion in one another. We make specific research recommendations that will yield a more valid picture of how people move their faces to express emotions and how they infer emotional meaning from facial movements in situations of everyday life. This research is crucial to provide consumers of emotion research with the translational information they require.

Entities:  

Keywords:  emotion perception; emotion recognition; emotional expression

Mesh:

Year:  2019        PMID: 31313636      PMCID: PMC6640856          DOI: 10.1177/1529100619832930

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Psychol Sci Public Interest        ISSN: 1529-1006


  237 in total

1.  Studying the dynamics of emotional expression using synthesized facial muscle movements.

Authors:  T Wehrle; S Kaiser; S Schmidt; K R Scherer
Journal:  J Pers Soc Psychol       Date:  2000-01

2.  The forced-choice paradigm and the perception of facial expressions of emotion.

Authors:  M G Frank; J Stennett
Journal:  J Pers Soc Psychol       Date:  2001-01

3.  On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis.

Authors:  Hillary Anger Elfenbein; Nalini Ambady
Journal:  Psychol Bull       Date:  2002-03       Impact factor: 17.737

Review 4.  Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant.

Authors:  J A Russell; L F Barrett
Journal:  J Pers Soc Psychol       Date:  1999-05

5.  Infants' perception of dynamic affective expressions: do infants distinguish specific expressions?

Authors:  N H Soken; A D Pick
Journal:  Child Dev       Date:  1999 Nov-Dec

6.  Evidence for referential understanding in the emotions domain at twelve and eighteen months.

Authors:  L J Moses; D A Baldwin; J G Rosicky; G Tidball
Journal:  Child Dev       Date:  2001 May-Jun

7.  Peekaboo: a new look at infants' perception of emotion expressions.

Authors:  D P Montague; A S Walker-Andrews
Journal:  Dev Psychol       Date:  2001-11

8.  Recognizing emotion in faces: developmental effects of child abuse and neglect.

Authors:  Seth D Pollak; Dante Cicchetti; Katherine Hornung; Alex Reed
Journal:  Dev Psychol       Date:  2000-09

9.  Dynamic properties influence the perception of facial expressions.

Authors:  M Kamachi; V Bruce; S Mukaida; J Gyoba; S Yoshikawa; S Akamatsu
Journal:  Perception       Date:  2001       Impact factor: 1.490

10.  The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism.

Authors:  S Baron-Cohen; S Wheelwright; J Hill; Y Raste; I Plumb
Journal:  J Child Psychol Psychiatry       Date:  2001-02       Impact factor: 8.982

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  113 in total

1.  Words are a context for mental inference.

Authors:  Nicole Betz; Katie Hoemann; Lisa Feldman Barrett
Journal:  Emotion       Date:  2019-01-10

2.  "Grumpy" or "furious"? arousal of emotion labels influences judgments of facial expressions.

Authors:  Megan S Barker; Emma M Bidstrup; Gail A Robinson; Nicole L Nelson
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2020-07-01       Impact factor: 3.240

3.  Sixteen facial expressions occur in similar contexts worldwide.

Authors:  Alan S Cowen; Dacher Keltner; Florian Schroff; Brendan Jou; Hartwig Adam; Gautam Prasad
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2020-12-16       Impact factor: 49.962

4.  AI weighs in on debate about universal facial expressions.

Authors:  Lisa Feldman Barrett
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2020-12-16       Impact factor: 49.962

5.  Progress in understanding the emergence of human emotion.

Authors:  Seth D Pollak; Linda A Camras; Pamela M Cole
Journal:  Dev Psychol       Date:  2019-09

6.  Is facial recognition too biased to be let loose?

Authors:  Davide Castelvecchi
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2020-11       Impact factor: 49.962

7.  Youths' processing of emotion information: Responses to chronic and video-based laboratory stress.

Authors:  Karen E Smith; Brian T Leitzke; Seth D Pollak
Journal:  Psychoneuroendocrinology       Date:  2020-09-17       Impact factor: 4.905

8.  Toward Multimodal Modeling of Emotional Expressiveness.

Authors:  Victoria Lin; Jeffrey M Girard; Michael A Sayette; Louis-Philippe Morency
Journal:  Proc ACM Int Conf Multimodal Interact       Date:  2020-10

9.  Superordinate categorization of negative facial expressions in infancy: The influence of labels.

Authors:  Ashley L Ruba; Andrew N Meltzoff; Betty M Repacholi
Journal:  Dev Psychol       Date:  2020-01-30

Review 10.  Developing an Understanding of Emotion Categories: Lessons from Objects.

Authors:  Katie Hoemann; Rachel Wu; Vanessa LoBue; Lisa M Oakes; Fei Xu; Lisa Feldman Barrett
Journal:  Trends Cogn Sci       Date:  2019-11-29       Impact factor: 20.229

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