Hiroaki Hata1, Masayoshi Nishiyama2, Akio Kitao3. 1. School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. 2. Department of Physics, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan. 3. School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, 2-12-1 Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan. Electronic address: akitao@bio.titech.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is well-recognized as a powerful tool to investigate protein structure, function, and thermodynamics. MD simulation is also used to investigate high pressure effects on proteins. For conducting better MD simulation under high pressure, the main issues to be addressed are: (i) protein force fields and water models were originally developed to reproduce experimental properties obtained at ambient pressure; and (ii) the timescale to observe the pressure effect is often much longer than that of conventional MD simulations. SCOPE OF REVIEW: First, we describe recent developments in MD simulation methodologies for studying the high-pressure structure and dynamics of protein molecules. These developments include force fields for proteins and water molecules, and enhanced simulation techniques. Then, we summarize recent studies of MD simulations of proteins in water under high pressure. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Recent MD simulations of proteins in solution under pressure have reproduced various phenomena identified by experiments using high pressure, such as hydration, water penetration, conformational change, helix stabilization, and molecular stiffening. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: MD simulations demonstrate differences in the properties of proteins and water molecules between ambient and high-pressure conditions. Comparing the results obtained by MD calculations with those obtained experimentally could reveal the mechanism by which biological molecular machines work well in collaboration with water molecules.
BACKGROUND: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is well-recognized as a powerful tool to investigate protein structure, function, and thermodynamics. MD simulation is also used to investigate high pressure effects on proteins. For conducting better MD simulation under high pressure, the main issues to be addressed are: (i) protein force fields and water models were originally developed to reproduce experimental properties obtained at ambient pressure; and (ii) the timescale to observe the pressure effect is often much longer than that of conventional MD simulations. SCOPE OF REVIEW: First, we describe recent developments in MD simulation methodologies for studying the high-pressure structure and dynamics of protein molecules. These developments include force fields for proteins and water molecules, and enhanced simulation techniques. Then, we summarize recent studies of MD simulations of proteins in water under high pressure. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Recent MD simulations of proteins in solution under pressure have reproduced various phenomena identified by experiments using high pressure, such as hydration, water penetration, conformational change, helix stabilization, and molecular stiffening. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: MD simulations demonstrate differences in the properties of proteins and water molecules between ambient and high-pressure conditions. Comparing the results obtained by MD calculations with those obtained experimentally could reveal the mechanism by which biological molecular machines work well in collaboration with water molecules.
Authors: Luca Ambrosino; Michael Tangherlini; Chiara Colantuono; Alfonso Esposito; Mara Sangiovanni; Marco Miralto; Clementina Sansone; Maria Luisa Chiusano Journal: Mar Drugs Date: 2019-10-11 Impact factor: 5.118