Peter E Davis1, Kush Kapur1, Rajna Filip-Dhima1, Sara K Trowbridge1, Elaina Little1, Andrew Wilson2, Andrew Leuchter2, Elizabeth M Bebin3, Darcy Krueger4, Hope Northrup5, Joyce Y Wu6, Mustafa Sahin1,7, Jurriaan M Peters8. 1. Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. Neuromodulation Division, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 3. Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 4. Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. 5. Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. 6. Division of Pediatric Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 7. F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 8. Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify whether abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity is present before the onset of epileptic spasms (ES) in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). METHODS: Scalp EEG recordings were collected prospectively in infants diagnosed with TSC in the first year of life. This study compared the earliest recorded EEG from infants prior to ES onset (n = 16) and from infants who did not develop ES (n = 28). Five minutes of stage II or quiet sleep was clipped and filtered into canonical EEG frequency bands. Mutual information values between each pair of EEG channels were compared directly and used as a weighted graph to calculate graph measures of global efficiency, characteristic path length, average clustering coefficient, and modularity. RESULTS: At the group level, infants who later developed ES had increased EEG connectivity in sleep. They had higher mutual information values between most EEG channels in all frequency bands adjusted for age. Infants who later developed ES had higher global efficiency and average clustering coefficients, shorter characteristic path lengths, and lower modularity across most frequency bands adjusted for age. This suggests that infants who went on to develop ES had increased local and long-range EEG connectivity with less segregation of graph regions into distinct modules. SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that increased neural connectivity precedes clinical ES onset in a cohort of infants with TSC. Overconnectivity may reflect progressive pathologic network synchronization culminating in generalized ES. Further research is needed before scalp EEG connectivity measures can be used as a potential biomarker of ES risk and treatment response in pre-symptomatic infants with TSC. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OBJECTIVE: To identify whether abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity is present before the onset of epileptic spasms (ES) in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). METHODS: Scalp EEG recordings were collected prospectively in infants diagnosed with TSC in the first year of life. This study compared the earliest recorded EEG from infants prior to ES onset (n = 16) and from infants who did not develop ES (n = 28). Five minutes of stage II or quiet sleep was clipped and filtered into canonical EEG frequency bands. Mutual information values between each pair of EEG channels were compared directly and used as a weighted graph to calculate graph measures of global efficiency, characteristic path length, average clustering coefficient, and modularity. RESULTS: At the group level, infants who later developed ES had increased EEG connectivity in sleep. They had higher mutual information values between most EEG channels in all frequency bands adjusted for age. Infants who later developed ES had higher global efficiency and average clustering coefficients, shorter characteristic path lengths, and lower modularity across most frequency bands adjusted for age. This suggests that infants who went on to develop ES had increased local and long-range EEG connectivity with less segregation of graph regions into distinct modules. SIGNIFICANCE: This study suggests that increased neural connectivity precedes clinical ES onset in a cohort of infants with TSC. Overconnectivity may reflect progressive pathologic network synchronization culminating in generalized ES. Further research is needed before scalp EEG connectivity measures can be used as a potential biomarker of ES risk and treatment response in pre-symptomatic infants with TSC. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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