Nan Shen1, Assumpta Caixàs2, Michael Ahlers3, Kapila Patel3, Zhan Gao4, Roxanne Dutia3, Martin J Blaser4, Jose C Clemente1, Blandine Laferrère5. 1. Icahn Institute for Genomics & Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. 2. Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3 PT)-UAB, Sabadell, Spain. 3. New York Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. 4. Center of Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine at Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey. 5. New York Obesity Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York. Electronic address: BBL14@columbia.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some of the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery may be mediated by the gut microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of bariatric surgery on changes to gut microbiota composition and bacterial pathways, and their relation to metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery. SETTINGS: University hospitals in the United States and Spain. METHODS: Microbial diversity and composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing, putative bacterial pathways, and targeted circulating metabolites were studied in 26 individuals with severe obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after either gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. RESULTS: Bariatric surgery tended to increase alpha diversity, and significantly altered beta diversity, microbiota composition, and function up to 6 months after surgery, but these changes tend to regress to presurgery levels by 12 months. Twelve of 15 bacterial pathways enriched after surgery also regressed to presurgery levels at 12 months. Network analysis identified groups of bacteria significantly correlated with levels of circulating metabolites over time. There were no differences between study sites, surgery type, or diabetes status in terms of microbial diversity and composition at baseline and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The association among changes in microbiome with decreased circulating biomarkers of inflammation, increased bile acids, and products of choline metabolism and other bacterial pathways suggest that the microbiome partially mediates improvement of metabolism during the first year after bariatric surgery.
BACKGROUND: Some of the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery may be mediated by the gut microbiome. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of bariatric surgery on changes to gut microbiota composition and bacterial pathways, and their relation to metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery. SETTINGS: University hospitals in the United States and Spain. METHODS: Microbial diversity and composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing, putative bacterial pathways, and targeted circulating metabolites were studied in 26 individuals with severe obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after either gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. RESULTS: Bariatric surgery tended to increase alpha diversity, and significantly altered beta diversity, microbiota composition, and function up to 6 months after surgery, but these changes tend to regress to presurgery levels by 12 months. Twelve of 15 bacterial pathways enriched after surgery also regressed to presurgery levels at 12 months. Network analysis identified groups of bacteria significantly correlated with levels of circulating metabolites over time. There were no differences between study sites, surgery type, or diabetes status in terms of microbial diversity and composition at baseline and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The association among changes in microbiome with decreased circulating biomarkers of inflammation, increased bile acids, and products of choline metabolism and other bacterial pathways suggest that the microbiome partially mediates improvement of metabolism during the first year after bariatric surgery.
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