Dawne M Mouzon1, Robert Joseph Taylor2,3, Ann W Nguyen4, Mosi Adesina Ifatunji5, Linda M Chatters2,3,6. 1. Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. 2. School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 3. Institute for Social Research, Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 4. Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 5. Department of Sociology, Institute for African American Research and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 6. School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Discrimination is associated with several negative social, economic, and health consequences. Past research focuses on the impact of discrimination while less is known about both the type and correlates of discrimination, particularly among older adults. METHODS: Using the National Survey of American Life, we used latent class analysis to identify discrimination typologies (frequency and type) among African Americans aged 55 and older. We then used multinomial logistic regression to identify demographic correlates of discrimination types, including a statistical interaction between gender and educational attainment. RESULTS: We identified three discrimination typologies. Increasing age was associated with lower probability of belonging to the high discrimination and disrespect and condescension subtypes. Men and non-Southern residents were most likely to belong in the high discrimination subtype. Higher levels of education increased the probability of belonging in the high discrimination and disrespect and condescension subtypes for older men, but not women. DISCUSSION: Older African American men, particularly those with more education, are vulnerable to both high-frequency discrimination and discrimination characterized by disrespect and condescension. This finding suggests that, for men with more years of education, increased exposure to discrimination reflects efforts to maintain social hierarchies (male target hypothesis).
OBJECTIVES: Discrimination is associated with several negative social, economic, and health consequences. Past research focuses on the impact of discrimination while less is known about both the type and correlates of discrimination, particularly among older adults. METHODS: Using the National Survey of American Life, we used latent class analysis to identify discrimination typologies (frequency and type) among African Americans aged 55 and older. We then used multinomial logistic regression to identify demographic correlates of discrimination types, including a statistical interaction between gender and educational attainment. RESULTS: We identified three discrimination typologies. Increasing age was associated with lower probability of belonging to the high discrimination and disrespect and condescension subtypes. Men and non-Southern residents were most likely to belong in the high discrimination subtype. Higher levels of education increased the probability of belonging in the high discrimination and disrespect and condescension subtypes for older men, but not women. DISCUSSION: Older African American men, particularly those with more education, are vulnerable to both high-frequency discrimination and discrimination characterized by disrespect and condescension. This finding suggests that, for men with more years of education, increased exposure to discrimination reflects efforts to maintain social hierarchies (male target hypothesis).
Authors: James S Jackson; Myriam Torres; Cleopatra H Caldwell; Harold W Neighbors; Randolph M Nesse; Robert Joseph Taylor; Steven J Trierweiler; David R Williams Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2004 Impact factor: 4.035
Authors: Thu Quach; Amani Nuru-Jeter; Pagan Morris; Laura Allen; Sarah J Shema; June K Winters; Gem M Le; Scarlett Lin Gomez Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2012-03-15 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Erika Meza; Rachel Peterson; Paola Gilsanz; Kristen M George; Sunita J Miles; Chloe W Eng; Dan M Mungas; Elizabeth Rose Mayeda; M Maria Glymour; Rachel A Whitmer Journal: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci Date: 2022-02-03 Impact factor: 6.591