Bilge Togay1, Uğur Çıkrıkçılı2, Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu3,4, Atilla Uslu5, Handan Noyan6, Alp Üçok7. 1. University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey. 2. Artvin State Hospital, Artvin, Turkey. 3. Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey. 4. Istanbul Medipol University, Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey. 5. Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 6. Institute of Experimental Medicine and Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. 7. Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
AIM: Although the lower level of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is well known in schizophrenia, the onset of this difference is not clear. The aim of the present study was to compare PPI in individuals with clinical and familial high risk for psychosis, and healthy controls. METHODS: We studied PPI in individuals within three groups: ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR, n = 29), familial high risk for psychosis (FHR, n = 24) and healthy controls (HC, n = 28). The FHR group was chosen among siblings of patients with schizophrenia, whereas UHR was defined based on the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS). We collected clinical data using the BPRS-E, SANS and SAPS when individuals with UHR were antipsychotic-naïve. A cognitive battery that assessed attention, cognitive flexibility, working memory, verbal learning and memory domains was applied to all participants. RESULTS: PPI was lower in the UHR group compared with both the FHR and HC groups. Those with a positive family history for schizophrenia had lower PPI than others in the UHR group. There was no difference in PPI between the FHR and HC groups. We found no relationship between PPI and cognitive performance in the three groups. Startle reactivity was not different among the three groups. Positive and negative symptoms were not related to PPI and startle reactivity in the UHR group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that clinical and familial high-risk groups for psychosis have different patterns of PPI.
AIM: Although the lower level of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response is well known in schizophrenia, the onset of this difference is not clear. The aim of the present study was to compare PPI in individuals with clinical and familial high risk for psychosis, and healthy controls. METHODS: We studied PPI in individuals within three groups: ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR, n = 29), familial high risk for psychosis (FHR, n = 24) and healthy controls (HC, n = 28). The FHR group was chosen among siblings of patients with schizophrenia, whereas UHR was defined based on the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS). We collected clinical data using the BPRS-E, SANS and SAPS when individuals with UHR were antipsychotic-naïve. A cognitive battery that assessed attention, cognitive flexibility, working memory, verbal learning and memory domains was applied to all participants. RESULTS: PPI was lower in the UHR group compared with both the FHR and HC groups. Those with a positive family history for schizophrenia had lower PPI than others in the UHR group. There was no difference in PPI between the FHR and HC groups. We found no relationship between PPI and cognitive performance in the three groups. Startle reactivity was not different among the three groups. Positive and negative symptoms were not related to PPI and startle reactivity in the UHR group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that clinical and familial high-risk groups for psychosis have different patterns of PPI.
Authors: Kristin S Cadenhead; Erica Duncan; Jean Addington; Carrie Bearden; Tyrone D Cannon; Barbara A Cornblatt; Dan Mathalon; Thomas H McGlashan; Diana O Perkins; Larry J Seidman; Ming Tsuang; Elaine F Walker; Scott W Woods; Peter Bauchman; Ayse Belger; Ricardo E Carrión; Franc Donkers; Jason Johannesen; Gregory Light; Margaret Niznikiewicz; Jason Nunag; Brian Roach Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-08-25 Impact factor: 4.157