Gülfizar Sözeri-Varma1, Ceren Bingöl2, Osman Zülkif Topak1, Yaşar Enli3, Osman Özdel1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Akşehir State Hospital, Konya, Turkey. 3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Apathy which is known as loss of primary motivation is observed more frequently in elderly depression in comparison with younger adults. It is put forth that apathy is related with depressive symptom severity and cognitive functions, that the existence of apathy may be a predictor of neurocognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to examine the apathy levels in elderly patients with major depression as well as the relationship between depressive symptom severity and cognitive functions. METHODS: The study was carried out with 40 major depressive disorder patients (MDD) aged 60 and above, 40 healthy controls aged 60 and above. Sociodemographic data form, structured psychiatric interview (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were applied to the participants. RESULTS: In our study, HAM-D, HAM-A and MADRS scale scores of MDD group was determined to be higher in comparison with those of the healthy control group. A positive correlation was determined in the MDD groups between the AES scores and depressive symptom severity, whereas a negative correlation was determined between the AES scores and cognitive functions. The SMMSE and MoCA scores of the geriatric MDD group were determined to be lower in comparison with healthy control group. Low performance was observed in the geriatric MDD group especially in the fields of orientation, visual/spatial functions, memory and language. Functionality was found to be lower in MDB group than in the control group, and functionality decreased as the level of apathy increased. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the apathy levels in geriatric depression are higher in comparison with the control group. Cognitive functions are affected adversely in geriatric patients in major depressive disorder, depressive symptom severity, impairment in cognitive functions and functionality are observed to be related with apathy level.
INTRODUCTION: Apathy which is known as loss of primary motivation is observed more frequently in elderly depression in comparison with younger adults. It is put forth that apathy is related with depressive symptom severity and cognitive functions, that the existence of apathy may be a predictor of neurocognitive impairment. The objective of this study was to examine the apathy levels in elderly patients with major depression as well as the relationship between depressive symptom severity and cognitive functions. METHODS: The study was carried out with 40 major depressive disorder patients (MDD) aged 60 and above, 40 healthy controls aged 60 and above. Sociodemographic data form, structured psychiatric interview (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were applied to the participants. RESULTS: In our study, HAM-D, HAM-A and MADRS scale scores of MDD group was determined to be higher in comparison with those of the healthy control group. A positive correlation was determined in the MDD groups between the AES scores and depressive symptom severity, whereas a negative correlation was determined between the AES scores and cognitive functions. The SMMSE and MoCA scores of the geriatric MDD group were determined to be lower in comparison with healthy control group. Low performance was observed in the geriatric MDD group especially in the fields of orientation, visual/spatial functions, memory and language. Functionality was found to be lower in MDB group than in the control group, and functionality decreased as the level of apathy increased. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the apathy levels in geriatric depression are higher in comparison with the control group. Cognitive functions are affected adversely in geriatric patients in major depressive disorder, depressive symptom severity, impairment in cognitive functions and functionality are observed to be related with apathy level.
Authors: Ziad S Nasreddine; Natalie A Phillips; Valérie Bédirian; Simon Charbonneau; Victor Whitehead; Isabelle Collin; Jeffrey L Cummings; Howard Chertkow Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Meryl A Butters; Ellen M Whyte; Robert D Nebes; Amy E Begley; Mary Amanda Dew; Benoit H Mulsant; Michelle D Zmuda; Rishi Bhalla; Carolyn Cidis Meltzer; Bruce G Pollock; Charles F Reynolds; James T Becker Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2004-06