Daqi Zhang1, Shijie Li1, Gianlorenzo Dionigi2, Jiao Zhang1, Tie Wang1, Yishen Zhao1, Gaofeng Xue1, Hui Sun3. 1. Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory Of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, China-Japan Union Hospital Of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Blvd, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China. 2. Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ''G. Barresi'', University Hospital G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Sicily, Italy. gdionigi@unime.it. 3. Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory Of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Translational Medicine on Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma, China-Japan Union Hospital Of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Blvd, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China. thyroidjl@163.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a useful adjunct for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) mapping and identification in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). This experimental study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, thresholds required of an endoscopic forceps that combine the function of surgical dissection and nerve stimulation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental research. METHODS: TOETVA was performed in 12 piglets, i.e., 24 RLNs and 24 vagal nerves (VN). RLNs electromyography (EMG) was recorded via endotracheal surface electrodes. Baseline EMG of VN and RLN were recorded and compared by (a) percutaneously placed monopolar stimulator probe (Group I), (b) adapted Maryland endoscopic dissector applied on nerves at its tip-end (Group II) and (c) endoscopic dissector tip-lateral applied (Group III). EMG profiles, amplitude, latency, waveform, thresholds and supra-maximal stimulation (5 mA) were analyzed. RESULTS: Application of the endoscopic device was feasible in all TOETVA and did not result in any morbidity. 24 RLNs and VNs were detected, stimulated and monitored. With increase of stimulation current, the amplitude of EMG increased, showing a dose-response curve. Mean VN stimulation thresholds were: Group I 0.28 mA, Group II 0.56 mA, Group III 0.58 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.11). Minimal current to evoked a maximal VN response was: Group I 0.65 mA, Group II 1.07 mA and Group III 1.14 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.48). Minimal current to evoke a RLN maximal response was Group I 0.6 mA, Group II 0.95 mA and Group III 1.05 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.31). Latency values were similar to each group. Repetitive (> 10 min) supra-maximal (> 5 mA) electrical stimulation was safe. CONCLUSIONS: The application of endoscopic stimulating dissector is simple, effective and safe way to monitor both VN and RLN function during a TOETVA animal model. It provides surgeons with real-time feedback of EMG response and can be applied as a tool for RLN monitoring. Endoscopic instrument required higher current to evoke EMG response compared to hand probe stimulation. Tip-end required less current to evoke EMG response compared to tip-lateral mode of stimulation.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is a useful adjunct for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) mapping and identification in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). This experimental study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, thresholds required of an endoscopic forceps that combine the function of surgical dissection and nerve stimulation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental research. METHODS: TOETVA was performed in 12 piglets, i.e., 24 RLNs and 24 vagal nerves (VN). RLNs electromyography (EMG) was recorded via endotracheal surface electrodes. Baseline EMG of VN and RLN were recorded and compared by (a) percutaneously placed monopolar stimulator probe (Group I), (b) adapted Maryland endoscopic dissector applied on nerves at its tip-end (Group II) and (c) endoscopic dissector tip-lateral applied (Group III). EMG profiles, amplitude, latency, waveform, thresholds and supra-maximal stimulation (5 mA) were analyzed. RESULTS: Application of the endoscopic device was feasible in all TOETVA and did not result in any morbidity. 24 RLNs and VNs were detected, stimulated and monitored. With increase of stimulation current, the amplitude of EMG increased, showing a dose-response curve. Mean VN stimulation thresholds were: Group I 0.28 mA, Group II 0.56 mA, Group III 0.58 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.11). Minimal current to evoked a maximal VN response was: Group I 0.65 mA, Group II 1.07 mA and Group III 1.14 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.48). Minimal current to evoke a RLN maximal response was Group I 0.6 mA, Group II 0.95 mA and Group III 1.05 mA (P1 = 0.00, P2 = 0.00, P3 = 0.31). Latency values were similar to each group. Repetitive (> 10 min) supra-maximal (> 5 mA) electrical stimulation was safe. CONCLUSIONS: The application of endoscopic stimulating dissector is simple, effective and safe way to monitor both VN and RLN function during a TOETVA animal model. It provides surgeons with real-time feedback of EMG response and can be applied as a tool for RLN monitoring. Endoscopic instrument required higher current to evoke EMG response compared to hand probe stimulation. Tip-end required less current to evoke EMG response compared to tip-lateral mode of stimulation.
Authors: Gregory W Randolph; Henning Dralle; Hisham Abdullah; Marcin Barczynski; Rocco Bellantone; Michael Brauckhoff; Bruno Carnaille; Sergii Cherenko; Fen-Yu Chiang; Gianlorenzo Dionigi; Camille Finck; Dana Hartl; Dipti Kamani; Kerstin Lorenz; Paolo Miccolli; Radu Mihai; Akira Miyauchi; Lisa Orloff; Nancy Perrier; Manuel Duran Poveda; Anatoly Romanchishen; Jonathan Serpell; Antonio Sitges-Serra; Tod Sloan; Sam Van Slycke; Samuel Snyder; Hiroshi Takami; Erivelto Volpi; Gayle Woodson Journal: Laryngoscope Date: 2011-01 Impact factor: 3.325
Authors: Gianlorenzo Dionigi; Che-Wei Wu; Ralph P Tufano; Antonio Giacomo Rizzo; Angkoon Anuwong; Hui Sun; Paolo Carcoforo; Cancellieri Antonino; Mattia Portinari; Hoon Yub Kim Journal: J Vis Surg Date: 2018-01-26