Whasun Lim1,2,3, Han-Soo Kim1,2. 1. 1Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601 Republic of Korea. 2. 2Basic Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601 Republic of Korea. 3. 3Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Background: Exosomes are membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles implicated in cell-cell communication. Exosomes contain proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) and lipids that are derived from producing cells. These nano-sized vesicles are present in biofluids including blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, semen and conditioned media of cultured cells. Methods: This review summarizes current progress on the strategies of development of diagnostic biomarkers and drug loading onto exosomes for overcoming cancer progression. Results: A number of studies indicate that the exosome appears to be a key player in tissue repair and regeneration of in a number of animal disease models. In addition, alterations of the molecular profiles in exosomes are known to be correlated with the disease progression including cancer, suggesting their usefulness in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Studies utilizing engineered exosomes either by chemical or biological methods have demonstrated promising results in a number of animal models with cancer. Conclusion: Understanding the molecular and cellular properties of exosomes offer benefits for cancer diagnosis by liquid biopsy and for their application in therapeutic drug delivery systems. Studies have shown that genetic or molecular engineering of exosomes augmented their target specificity and anticancer activity with less toxicity. Thus, deeper understanding of exosome biology will facilitate their therapeutic potential as an innovative drug delivery system for cancer.
Background: Exosomes are membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles implicated in cell-cell communication. Exosomes contain proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) and lipids that are derived from producing cells. These nano-sized vesicles are present in biofluids including blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid, semen and conditioned media of cultured cells. Methods: This review summarizes current progress on the strategies of development of diagnostic biomarkers and drug loading onto exosomes for overcoming cancer progression. Results: A number of studies indicate that the exosome appears to be a key player in tissue repair and regeneration of in a number of animal disease models. In addition, alterations of the molecular profiles in exosomes are known to be correlated with the disease progression including cancer, suggesting their usefulness in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Studies utilizing engineered exosomes either by chemical or biological methods have demonstrated promising results in a number of animal models with cancer. Conclusion: Understanding the molecular and cellular properties of exosomes offer benefits for cancer diagnosis by liquid biopsy and for their application in therapeutic drug delivery systems. Studies have shown that genetic or molecular engineering of exosomes augmented their target specificity and anticancer activity with less toxicity. Thus, deeper understanding of exosome biology will facilitate their therapeutic potential as an innovative drug delivery system for cancer.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cancer; Drug delivery; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Target specificity
Authors: Tanja I Näslund; Ulf Gehrmann; Khaleda R Qazi; Mikael C I Karlsson; Susanne Gabrielsson Journal: J Immunol Date: 2013-02-15 Impact factor: 5.422
Authors: Qiuwei Pan; Vedashree Ramakrishnaiah; Scot Henry; Suomi Fouraschen; Petra E de Ruiter; Jaap Kwekkeboom; Hugo W Tilanus; Harry L A Janssen; Luc J W van der Laan Journal: Gut Date: 2011-12-23 Impact factor: 23.059
Authors: Chunfeng Pan; Guoliang Yao; Bin Liu; Teng Ma; Yang Xia; Ke Wei; Jun Wang; Jin Xu; Liang Chen; Yijiang Chen Journal: Cell Physiol Biochem Date: 2017-08-31
Authors: Jingu Gang; Seong-Bae Park; Woochan Hyung; Eric H Choi; Jing Wen; Han-Soo Kim; Young-Gun Shul; Seungjoo Haam; Si Young Song Journal: J Drug Target Date: 2007-07 Impact factor: 5.121