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Literature DB >> 31200807

The Pregnancy Pickle: Evolved Immune Compensation Due to Pregnancy Underlies Sex Differences in Human Diseases.

Heini Natri¹, Angela R Garcia¹, Kenneth H Buetow¹, Benjamin C Trumble², Melissa A Wilson³.

Abstract

We hypothesize that, ancestrally, sex-specific immune modulation evolved to facilitate survival of the pregnant person in the presence of an invasive placenta and an immunologically challenging pregnancy - an idea we term the 'pregnancy compensation hypothesis' (PCH). Further, we propose that sex differences in immune function are mediated, at least in part, by the evolution of gene content and dosage on the sex chromosomes, and are regulated by reproductive hormones. Finally, we propose that changes in reproductive ecology in industrialized environments exacerbate these evolved sex differences, resulting in the increasing risk of autoimmune disease observed in females, and a counteracting reduction in diseases such as cancer that can be combated by heightened immune surveillance. The PCH generates a series of expectations that can be tested empirically and that may help to identify the mechanisms underlying sex differences in modern human diseases.

Entities: Chemical Disease Gene Species

Keywords: X inactivation; autoimmunity; cancer; dosage compensation; placentation; pregnancy compensation hypothesis; sex differences

Mesh：

Substances：
Hormones

Year: 2019 PMID： 31200807 PMCID： PMC6611699 DOI： 10.1016/j.tig.2019.04.008

Source DB: PubMed Journal: Trends Genet ISSN： 0168-9525 Impact factor: 11.639

81 in total

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Authors: Jean-Francois Bach
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26 in total

Review 1. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease.

Authors: Nicholas P Deems; Benedetta Leuner
Journal: Front Neuroendocrinol Date: 2020-01-24 Impact factor: 8.606

2. Sex differences in neutrophil biology modulate response to type I interferons and immunometabolism.

Authors: Sarthak Gupta; Shuichiro Nakabo; Luz P Blanco; Liam J O'Neil; Gustaf Wigerblad; Rishi R Goel; Pragnesh Mistry; Kan Jiang; Carmelo Carmona-Rivera; Diana W Chan; Xinghao Wang; Hege L Pedersen; Manasi Gadkari; Katherine N Howe; Faiza Naz; Stefania Dell'Orso; Sarfaraz A Hasni; Caeden Dempsey; Ashley Buscetta; Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio; Paul Kruszka; Maximilian Muenke; Luis M Franco; Hong-Wei Sun; Mariana J Kaplan
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Review 3. Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare.

Authors: Davide Cirillo; Silvina Catuara-Solarz; Czuee Morey; Emre Guney; Laia Subirats; Simona Mellino; Annalisa Gigante; Alfonso Valencia; María José Rementeria; Antonella Santuccione Chadha; Nikolaos Mavridis
Journal: NPJ Digit Med Date: 2020-06-01

The Pregnancy Pickle: Evolved Immune Compensation Due to Pregnancy Underlies Sex Differences in Human Diseases.

Review 1. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases.

2. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

3. X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females.

4. The effect of testosterone replacement treatment on immunological features of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.

5. Population variation in age-related decline in male salivary testosterone.

6. The effects of sex, menstrual cycle, and oral contraceptives on the number and activity of natural killer cells.

Review 7. Male gender is associated with increased risk for postinjury pneumonia.

8. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol.

9. Urinary estrone conjugate and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide enzyme immunoassays for population research.

10. Estriol treatment ameliorates disease in males with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for multiple sclerosis.

Review 1. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease.

2. Sex differences in neutrophil biology modulate response to type I interferons and immunometabolism.

Review 3. Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare.

Review 4. Transposable elements shape the evolution of mammalian development.

5. Why autoimmunity is most common in women.

6. Population-based neuroimaging reveals traces of childbirth in the maternal brain.

7. Novel Mechanisms of Cancer Emerge When Accounting for Sex as a Biological Variable.

Review 8. The spectrum of sex differences in cancer.

9. X chromosome inactivation in the human placenta is patchy and distinct from adult tissues.

10. Evolution of Immune Sexual Dimorphism in Response to Placental Invasiveness: A Reply to Greenbaum and Greenbaum.