Luciana Paim-Marques1,2,3, Paula Carneiro4, Islane Castro Verçosa4,5, Simone Appenzeller6,7. 1. Medical Physiopathology Program School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. 2. Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Albert Sabin Children's Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil. 3. Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology Unit; Department of Pediatrics/College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 4. CAVIVER- NGO Clinic, Fortaleza, Brazil. 5. Ophthalmology Unit, General Hospital of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil. 6. Autoimmune Laboratory- School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. appenzel@unicamp.br. 7. Rheumatology Unit-Department of Medicine- School of Medical Science, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. appenzel@unicamp.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with corneal vortex keratopathy in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive outpatients with c-SLE were evaluated by a pediatric ophthalmologist and pediatric rheumatologist in an outpatient clinic setting in an urban Children's Hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and disease characteristics were documented for each patient. Cumulative drug dosage, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SLICC/ACR-DI) scores were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 76 c-SLE patients (61 (80.26%) females; mean age = 17.9 (SD ± 3.07)) were included. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were observed in 36 (47.36%) patients of which 16 (21.10%) had corneal vortex keratopathy (p = 0.03). c-SLE patients with corneal vortex keratopathy were all female. We did not observe any additional clinical, laboratory, or treatment feature associated with corneal vortex keratopathy. DISCUSSION: We observed a high prevalence of corneal vortex keratopathy in female c-SLE. We hypothesize that this finding may be an initial, dose-related toxicity due to antimalarial use. Follow-up studies are necessary to determine if these changes are an early predictor of retinal toxicity due to antimalarial in c-SLE. KEY POINTS: • Corneal vortex keratopathy was frequently observed in female patients with c-SLE on a chloroquine medication. • Corneal vortex keratopathy may be an early marker of chloroquine retinopathy.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and risk factors associated with corneal vortex keratopathy in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive outpatients with c-SLE were evaluated by a pediatric ophthalmologist and pediatric rheumatologist in an outpatient clinic setting in an urban Children's Hospital. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and disease characteristics were documented for each patient. Cumulative drug dosage, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SLICC/ACR-DI) scores were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 76 c-SLEpatients (61 (80.26%) females; mean age = 17.9 (SD ± 3.07)) were included. Ophthalmologic abnormalities were observed in 36 (47.36%) patients of which 16 (21.10%) had corneal vortex keratopathy (p = 0.03). c-SLEpatients with corneal vortex keratopathy were all female. We did not observe any additional clinical, laboratory, or treatment feature associated with corneal vortex keratopathy. DISCUSSION: We observed a high prevalence of corneal vortex keratopathy in female c-SLE. We hypothesize that this finding may be an initial, dose-related toxicity due to antimalarial use. Follow-up studies are necessary to determine if these changes are an early predictor of retinal toxicity due to antimalarial in c-SLE. KEY POINTS: • Corneal vortex keratopathy was frequently observed in female patients with c-SLE on a chloroquine medication. • Corneal vortex keratopathy may be an early marker of chloroquineretinopathy.
Authors: D A Isenberg; A Rahman; E Allen; V Farewell; M Akil; I N Bruce; D D'Cruz; B Griffiths; M Khamashta; P Maddison; N McHugh; M Snaith; L S Teh; C S Yee; A Zoma; C Gordon Journal: Rheumatology (Oxford) Date: 2005-04-06 Impact factor: 7.580
Authors: Michael B Raizman; Pedram Hamrah; Edward J Holland; Terry Kim; Francis S Mah; Christopher J Rapuano; Roger G Ulrich Journal: Surv Ophthalmol Date: 2016-11-24 Impact factor: 6.048
Authors: D Isenberg; P Bacon; C Bombardier; D Gladman; C H Goldsmith; K Kalunian; M Liang; P Maddison; O Nived; M Richter Journal: J Rheumatol Date: 1989-10 Impact factor: 4.666
Authors: D Gladman; E Ginzler; C Goldsmith; P Fortin; M Liang; M Urowitz; P Bacon; S Bombardieri; J Hanly; E Hay; D Isenberg; J Jones; K Kalunian; P Maddison; O Nived; M Petri; M Richter; J Sanchez-Guerrero; M Snaith; G Sturfelt; D Symmons; A Zoma Journal: Arthritis Rheum Date: 1996-03