Miguel Germán Borda1,2,3, José Manuel Santacruz4,5, Dag Aarsland1,6, Sandy Camargo-Casas2, Carlos Alberto Cano-Gutierrez2,7, Silvia Suárez-Monsalve2, Santiago Campos-Fajardo2, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda2,8,9. 1. Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital. Stavanger, Norway. 2. Semillero de Neurociencias y Envejecimiento, Ageing Institute, Medical School, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway. 4. Cognition and Memory Center, Intellectus. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Bogotá Colombia. 5. Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Bogotá, Colombia. 6. Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College. London, United Kingdom. 7. Geriatrics Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Bogotá, Colombia. 8. Geriatric Epidemiology Research Department, Instituto Nacional De Geriatría. Mexico D.F, Mexico. 9. Geriatric Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High blood pressure is a relevant risk factor for vascular damage, leading to development of depressive symptoms and dementia in older adults. Moreover, subjective memory complaints are recognized as an early marker of cognitive impairment. However, it has been established that subjective memory complaints could also be a reflection of depressive symptoms. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints on the incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults with high blood pressure. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a representative cohort composed by individuals aged ≥ 50 years. Participants with cognitive impairment in 2012 were excluded since the outcome was incident cognitive impairment in 2015. Four groups were created according to depressive symptomatology and subjective memory complaints status, analyses were stratified according to blood pressure status. The odds incident cognitive impairment was estimated through logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 6,327 participants were included, from which 6.44% developed cognitive impairment. No differences were seen regarding the development of cognitive impairment in participants without high blood pressure. However, increased risk was evident in those with both high blood pressure and depressive symptoms (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.09 - 4.09, p =0.026) as with high blood pressure, depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints (OR=1.91, 9% CI 1.4 - 3.2, p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Individuals with high blood pressure have a higher risk of developing incident cognitive impairment when depressive symptoms and/or subjective memory complaints are present. Our results suggest that a sequence of events related to altered cerebral vascular dynamics is possible.
PURPOSE: High blood pressure is a relevant risk factor for vascular damage, leading to development of depressive symptoms and dementia in older adults. Moreover, subjective memory complaints are recognized as an early marker of cognitive impairment. However, it has been established that subjective memory complaints could also be a reflection of depressive symptoms. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints on the incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults with high blood pressure. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a representative cohort composed by individuals aged ≥ 50 years. Participants with cognitive impairment in 2012 were excluded since the outcome was incident cognitive impairment in 2015. Four groups were created according to depressive symptomatology and subjective memory complaints status, analyses were stratified according to blood pressure status. The odds incident cognitive impairment was estimated through logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 6,327 participants were included, from which 6.44% developed cognitive impairment. No differences were seen regarding the development of cognitive impairment in participants without high blood pressure. However, increased risk was evident in those with both high blood pressure and depressive symptoms (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.09 - 4.09, p =0.026) as with high blood pressure, depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints (OR=1.91, 9% CI 1.4 - 3.2, p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Individuals with high blood pressure have a higher risk of developing incident cognitive impairment when depressive symptoms and/or subjective memory complaints are present. Our results suggest that a sequence of events related to altered cerebral vascular dynamics is possible.
Authors: Fernando E Taragano; Ricardo F Allegri; Hugo Krupitzki; Diego R Sarasola; Cecilia M Serrano; Leandro Loñ; Constantine G Lyketsos Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2009-03-24 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: Rishi K Bhalla; Meryl A Butters; Benoit H Mulsant; Amy E Begley; Michelle D Zmuda; Beth Schoderbek; Bruce G Pollock; Charles F Reynolds; James T Becker Journal: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Date: 2006-05 Impact factor: 4.105
Authors: Sara Gloria Aguilar-Navarro; Alejandro Fuentes-Cantú; José Alberto Avila-Funes; Emilio José García-Mayo Journal: Salud Publica Mex Date: 2007 Jul-Aug
Authors: Vera Aarsland; Miguel Germán Borda; Dag Aarsland; Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes; Sigmund Alfred Anderssen; Diego Alejandro Tovar-Rios; Camilo Gomez-Arteaga; Mario Ulises Perez-Zepeda Journal: Arch Gerontol Geriatr Date: 2020-04-06 Impact factor: 3.250