Elizabeth LeBlond1,2, Julia Smith-Paine1,2, Jacqlyn J Riemersma3, Paul S Horn3,4,5, Shari L Wade1,2,3, Brad G Kurowski2,3,6,7. 1. Psychology Department, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, 155 B McMicken Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 2. Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 4009, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 4. Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2015, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 5. Department of Math and Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, 155 B McMicken Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 6. Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 7. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of methylphenidate on long-term executive and neuropsychological functioning in children with attention problems following TBI, as well as the relationship between methylphenidate associated changes in lab-based neuropsychological measures of attentional control, processing speed, and executive functioning and parent- or self-report measures of everyday executive functioning. METHOD:26 children aged 6-17 years, who were hospitalized for moderate-to-severe blunt head trauma 6 or more months previously, were recruited from a large children's hospital medical center. Participants were randomized into a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and parent- and self-report ratings of everyday executive functioning at baseline, and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks following upward titration of medication to an optimal dose or while administered a placebo. RESULTS:Methylphenidate was associated with significant improvements in processing speed, sustained attention, and both lab-based and everyday executive functioning. Significant treatment-by-period interactions were found on a task of sustained attention. Participants who were randomized to the methylphenidate condition for the first treatment period demonstrated random or erratic responding, with slower and more variable response times when given placebo during the second period. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that methylphenidate treatment is associated with positive outcomes in processing speed, sustained attention, and both lab-based and everyday measures of executive functioning compared to placebo group. Additionally, results suggest sustained attention worsens when discontinuing medication. (JINS, 2019, 25, 740-749).
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of methylphenidate on long-term executive and neuropsychological functioning in children with attention problems following TBI, as well as the relationship between methylphenidate associated changes in lab-based neuropsychological measures of attentional control, processing speed, and executive functioning and parent- or self-report measures of everyday executive functioning. METHOD: 26 children aged 6-17 years, who were hospitalized for moderate-to-severe blunt head trauma 6 or more months previously, were recruited from a large children's hospital medical center. Participants were randomized into a double-masked, placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial. Participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and parent- and self-report ratings of everyday executive functioning at baseline, and at 4 weeks and 8 weeks following upward titration of medication to an optimal dose or while administered a placebo. RESULTS:Methylphenidate was associated with significant improvements in processing speed, sustained attention, and both lab-based and everyday executive functioning. Significant treatment-by-period interactions were found on a task of sustained attention. Participants who were randomized to the methylphenidate condition for the first treatment period demonstrated random or erratic responding, with slower and more variable response times when given placebo during the second period. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that methylphenidate treatment is associated with positive outcomes in processing speed, sustained attention, and both lab-based and everyday measures of executive functioning compared to placebo group. Additionally, results suggest sustained attention worsens when discontinuing medication. (JINS, 2019, 25, 740-749).
Entities:
Keywords:
ADHD; Attentional control; cross-over; pediatric; processing speed; reaction time
Authors: Shari L Wade; H Gerry Taylor; Amy Cassedy; Nanhua Zhang; Michael W Kirkwood; Tanya M Brown; Terry Stancin Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2015-05-07 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: John Hart; Michael A Kraut; Kyle B Womack; Jeremy Strain; Nyaz Didehbani; Elizabeth Bartz; Heather Conover; Sethesh Mansinghani; Hanzhang Lu; C Munro Cullum Journal: JAMA Neurol Date: 2013-03-01 Impact factor: 18.302
Authors: Megan E Narad; Jacqlyn Riemersma; Shari L Wade; Julia Smith-Paine; Paige Morrison; H Gerry Taylor; Keith Owen Yeates; Brad G Kurowski Journal: J Head Trauma Rehabil Date: 2020 May/Jun Impact factor: 3.117