Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of soybean curd residue for methane production: Characterizing bacterial and methanogen communities and their correlations with organic loading rate and operating temperature.

To find the optimal operation parameters and provide an explanation of methanogenic pathway for methane production in mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion (MAD, TAD) of soybean curd residue (SCR), MAD and MAD were contrastively investigated for 95 days. The maximum available OLR was identified as 3.3 gVS/L for both MAD and TAD. Compared to MAD, TAD exhibited a 20% higher average methane yield (0.591 L/gVS) and a 7.5% higher volatile solids removal efficiency (74.1 ± 10.4%). Bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominated in MAD digesters while genus Defluviitoga was selectively enriched in TAD digesters due to higher temperature and organic loading pressure. Principal coordinates analysis of methanogen community showed that both temperature and OLR were crucial environmental variables shifting the taxonomic patterns of the methanogens. The enriched methanogen genus Methanothermobacter (93%) with a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway had a close correlation with the TAD performance.