Kseniya Yu Vlasova1, Alexander Piroyan2, Irina M Le-Deygen1, Hemant M Vishwasrao2, Jacob D Ramsey3, Natalia L Klyachko4, Yuri I Golovin5, Polina G Rudakovskaya1, Igor I Kireev6, Alexander V Kabanov7, Marina Sokolsky-Papkov8. 1. Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia. 2. Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. 3. Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: ramseyja@email.unc.edu. 4. Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russia. Electronic address: klyachko@enzyme.chem.msu.ru. 5. Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russia. 6. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia. Electronic address: kireev@genebee.msu.ru. 7. Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: kabanov@email.unc.edu. 8. Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: msokolsk@email.unc.edu.
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS: Magnetic liposomes are shown to release the entrapped dye once modulated by low frequency AC MF. The mechanism and effectiveness of MF application should depend on lipid composition, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) properties, temperature and field parameters. EXPERIMENTS: The study was performed using liposomes of various lipid composition and embedded hydrophobic MNPs. The liposomes structural changes were studied by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and the leakage was monitored by the fluorescent dye release. FINDINGS: Magnetic liposomes exposure to the AC MF resulted in the clustering of the MNPs in the membranes and disruption of the lipid packaging. Addition of cholesterol diminished the dye release from the saturated lipid-based liposomes. Replacement of the saturated lipid for unsaturated one also decreased the dye release. The dye release depended on the strength, but not the frequency of the field. Thus, the oscillating motion of MNPs in AC MF ruptures the gel phase membranes of saturated lipids. As the temperature increases the disruption also increases. In the liquid crystalline membranes formed by unsaturated lipids the deformations and defects created by mechanical motion of the MNPs are more likely to heal and results in decreased release.
HYPOTHESIS: Magnetic liposomes are shown to release the entrapped dye once modulated by low frequency AC MF. The mechanism and effectiveness of MF application should depend on lipid composition, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) properties, temperature and field parameters. EXPERIMENTS: The study was performed using liposomes of various lipid composition and embedded hydrophobic MNPs. The liposomes structural changes were studied by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and the leakage was monitored by the fluorescent dye release. FINDINGS: Magnetic liposomes exposure to the AC MF resulted in the clustering of the MNPs in the membranes and disruption of the lipid packaging. Addition of cholesterol diminished the dye release from the saturated lipid-based liposomes. Replacement of the saturated lipid for unsaturated one also decreased the dye release. The dye release depended on the strength, but not the frequency of the field. Thus, the oscillating motion of MNPs in AC MF ruptures the gel phase membranes of saturated lipids. As the temperature increases the disruption also increases. In the liquid crystalline membranes formed by unsaturated lipids the deformations and defects created by mechanical motion of the MNPs are more likely to heal and results in decreased release.
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