Sculpting Light by Arranging Optical Components with DNA Nanostructures.

DNA nanotechnology has developed into a state where the design and assembly of complex nanoscale structures has become fast, reliable, cost-effective, and accessible to non-experts. Nanometer-precise positioning of organic (dyes, biomolecules, etc.) and inorganic (metal nanoparticles, colloidal quantum dots, etc.) components on DNA nanostructures is straightforward and modular. In this perspective article, we identify the opportunities and challenges that DNA-assembled devices and materials are facing for optical antennas, metamaterials, and sensing applications. With the abilities of arranging hybrid materials in defined geometries, plasmonic effects will, for example, amplify molecular recognition transduction so that single-molecule events will be measureable with simple devices. On the larger scale, DNA nanotechnology has the potential of breaking the symmetry of common self-assembled functional materials creating pre-defined optical properties such as refractive index tuning, Bragg reflection and topological insulation.