| Literature DB >> 31168166 |
Julio Cesar Mateus Solarte1, Gustavo Alonso Cabrera Arana2.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding promotion is one of the most effective strategies to prevent child malnutrition; it reduces costs to families, health services and society. In Colombia, exclusive breastfeeding is practiced only by 10% of women.Entities:
Keywords: Breast feeding; Colombia; child nutrition disorder; cohorts; duration of exclusive breast feeding; fathers; infant nutrition; maternal health; milk human; postpartum period
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31168166 PMCID: PMC6536044 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i1.2961
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Socio-demographic characteristics of women from the Cali cohort.
| Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age in years | ||
| < 15 | 16 | 3.7 |
| 15-24 | 362 | 82.6 |
| > 24 | 60 | 13.7 |
| Civil status | ||
| Single | 144 | 32.9 |
| Married | 29 | 6.6 |
| Free Union | 263 | 60.0 |
| Other | 2 | 0.5 |
| Education (school) level | ||
| None | 3 | 0.7 |
| Primary | 70 | 16.0 |
| Secondary/High School | 317 | 72.4 |
| Technical/University* | 48 | 11.0 |
| Occupation | ||
| Home (housewife) | 323 | 73.7 |
| Working | 52 | 11.9 |
| Studying | 18 | 4.1 |
| Two or more | 42 | 9.6 |
| Type of affiliation to the Colombian health system | ||
| Contributory regime | 144 | 33.0 |
| Subsidized regime | 160 | 36.6 |
| Non-affiliated | 133 | 30.4 |
*The technical/university education (school) level was investigated as a single category
Proportion of women with orientation in breastfeeding by health personnel, according to affiliation to the General Social Security System.
| Affiliation | n | Orientation during puerperium (%)* | Orientation during pregnancy (%)** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contributory regime | 144 | 36.8 | 42.4 |
| Subsidized regime | 160 | 34.8 | 32.1 |
| Non-affiliated women | 133 | 28.4 | 25.5 |
*X2 gl=2=1.60; p= 0.449
** X2 gl=2=12.89; p= 0.002
Frequency of knowledge and basic skills to maintain successful breastfeeding in pregnancy and puerperium in the cohort.
| Deficit in knowledge and basic skills for breastfeeding | Pregnancy | Immediate puerperium |
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Technique to place the baby to the breast | 57 | 13.0 | 65 | 14.8 | 0.50 |
| Breast milk extraction | 119 | 27.2 | 198 | 45.2 | 0.00 |
| Breast milk conservation at home | 195 | 44.6 | 364 | 83.2 | 0.00 |
| Duration of breastfeeding | 124 | 28.3 | 265 | 60.6 | 0.00 |
| Frequency of breastfeeding | 145 | 33.2 | 138 | 31.6 | 0.02 |
* McNemar test
Figure 1Survival of exclusive breastfeeding in breastfeeding primiparous women from Cali, Colombia.
Variables that influenced the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
| Variable | n | Median of breastfeeding in days | IC 95% | Log Rank Test |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sureness (for providing breastfeeding) | |||||
| Very sure | 199 | 17 | 13-27 | 7.29 | 0.007 |
| Moderately or insecure | 239 | 12 | 7-15 | ||
| Positive opinion of baby's father on breastfeeding | |||||
| Yes | 150 | 17 | 12-26 | 4.81 | 0.028 |
| Negative/He didn't have an opinion | 288 | 12 | 9-16 | ||
| Weight at birth | |||||
| ≤3,021 or >3,387 g | 274 | 15 | 12-21 | 4.67 | 0.031 |
| 3,022 a 3,387 g | 164 | 11 | 7-16 | ||
| Breastfeeding while in puerperium | |||||
| Yes | 432 | 14 | 12-17 | 6.95 | 0.008 |
| No | 6 | 2 | - | ||
Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for abandoning exclusive breastfeeding
| Variable | Unadjusted hazard ratios | CI 95% | Adjusted hazard ratios | CI 95% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sureness (for providing breastfeeding) | ||||
| Very sure | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Moderately or insecure | 1.32 | 1.07-1.62 | 1.28 | 1.04-1.58 |
| Positive opinion of baby's father on breastfeeding | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Negative/He didn't have an opinion | 1.27 | 1.02-1.58 | 1.26 | 1.01-1.57 |
| Weight at birth | ||||
| ≤3,021 or >3,387 g | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 3,022 a 3,387 g | 1.26 | 1.02-1.56 | 1.23 | 1.00-1.53 |
| Breastfeeding in immediate puerperium | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| No | 5.01 | 1.23-20.43 | 4.07 | 0.96-16.67 |
Características sociodemográficas de las mujeres de la cohorte de Cali.
| Característica | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Edad en años | ||
| < 15 | 16 | 3.7 |
| 15-24 | 362 | 82.6 |
| > 24 | 60 | 13.7 |
| Estado civil | ||
| Soltera | 144 | 32.9 |
| Casada | 29 | 6.6 |
| Unión libre | 263 | 60.0 |
| Otro | 2 | 0.5 |
| Escolaridad | ||
| Ninguna | 3 | 0.7 |
| Primaria | 70 | 16.0 |
| Secundaria | 317 | 72.4 |
| Técnica/ Universitaria* | 48 | 11.0 |
| Ocupación | ||
| Hogar | 323 | 73.7 |
| Trabajo | 52 | 11.9 |
| Estudios | 18 | 4.1 |
| Dos o más | 42 | 9.6 |
| Régimen de seguridad social | ||
| Contributivo | 144 | 33.0 |
| Subsidiado | 160 | 36.6 |
| No reporta | 133 | 30.4 |
*La escolaridad técnica/universitaria se indagó como una sola categoría
Proporción de mujeres con orientación en lactancia por personal de salud según afiliación al Sistema de General de Seguridad Social.
| Afiliación | n | Orientación durante puerperio (%)* | Orientación durante embarazo (%)** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contributivo | 144 | 36.8 | 42.4 |
| Subsidiado | 160 | 34.8 | 32.1 |
| No-afiliado | 133 | 28.4 | 25.5 |
*(2gl=2=1.60; p= 0.449
**(2gl=2=12.89; p= 0.002
Frecuencia de conocimientos y habilidades básicas para mantener lactancia exitosa en embarazo y puerperio en la cohorte.
| Déficit en conocimientos y habilidades básicas para lactancia | Embarazo | Puerperio inmediato | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Técnica para colocar el bebe al seno | 57 | 13.0 | 65 | 14.8 | 0.50 |
| Extracción de leche materna | 119 | 27.2 | 198 | 45.2 | 0.00 |
| Conservación en casa de leche materna | 195 | 44.6 | 364 | 83.2 | 0.00 |
| Duración de lactancia exclusiva | 124 | 28.3 | 265 | 60.6 | 0.00 |
| Frecuencia de amamantamiento | 145 | 33.2 | 138 | 31.6 | 0.02 |
* Prueba de McNemar
Figura 1Sobrevida de lactancia materna exclusiva en mujeres primíparas lactantes de Cali, Colombia.
Variables que influyeron en la duración de la lactancia exclusiva.
| Variable | n | Mediana de LE en días | IC 95% | Log Rank Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seguridad para amamantar | |||||
| Muy segura | 199 | 17 | 13 - 27 | 7.29 | 0.007 |
| Mediana o nada segura | 239 | 12 | 7 - 15 | ||
| Opinión positiva del padre sobre lactancia | |||||
| Si | 150 | 17 | 12 - 26 | 4.81 | 0.028 |
| No o No ha opinado | 288 | 12 | 9 - 16 | ||
| Peso del recién nacido | |||||
| ">≤3,021 o >3,387 g | 274 | 15 | 12 - 21 | 4.67 | 0.031 |
| 3,022 a 3,387 g | 164 | 11 | 7 - 16 | ||
| Lactando en puerperio | |||||
| Si | 432 | 14 | 12 - 17 | 6.95 | 0.008 |
| No | 6 | 2 | - | ||
Razones de peligro crudas y ajustadas para abandonar lactancia exclusiva
| Variable | Razones de peligro crudas | IC 95% | Razones de peligro ajustadas | IC 95% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seguridad para dar lactancia | ||||
| Muy segura | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| Mediana o nada segura | 1.32 | 1.07-1.62 | 1.28 | 1.04-1.58 |
| Opinión positiva del padre sobre lactancia | ||||
| Si | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| No o No ha opinado | 1.27 | 1.02-1.58 | 1.26 | 1.01-1.57 |
| Peso del recién nacido | ||||
| ≤3,021 or >3,387 g | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| 3,022 a 3,387 g | 1.26 | 1.02-1.56 | 1.23 | 1.00-1.53 |
| Lactando en el puerperio inmediato | ||||
| Si | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
| No | 5.01 | 1.23-20.43 | 4.07 | 0.96-16.67 |