Chika Horikawa1,2, Rei Aida3, Chiemi Kamada4, Kazuya Fujihara2, Shiro Tanaka3, Sachiko Tanaka5, Atsushi Araki6, Yukio Yoshimura3, Tatsumi Moriya7, Yasuo Akanuma8, Hirohito Sone9. 1. Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan. 2. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. 4. Training Department of Administrative Dietitians, Shikoku University, 123-1 Ebisuno, Furukawa, Ojin-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 771-1151, Japan. 5. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Sihga, 520-2192, Japan. 6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan. 7. Health Care Center, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan. 8. The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Nihonbashibakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan. 9. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. sone@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Although vitamin B6 has been suspected to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy, evidence of this in patients with type 2 diabetes based on longitudinal studies is sparse. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study was part of an examination of a nationwide cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol. After excluding nonresponders to a dietary survey using the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups, 978 patients were analyzed. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a diabetic retinopathy event, and Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for retinopathy according to vitamin B6 intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. RESULTS: Mean vitamin B6 intake in quartiles ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 mg/day, and half of the participants had vitamin B6 intake below the recommended daily dietary allowance according to dietary reference intakes in Japanese adults (men 1.4 mg/day; women 1.2 mg/day). After adjusting for confounders, HRs for diabetic retinopathy in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups of vitamin B6 intake compared with the 1st quartile group were 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.69, p = 0.403), 0.88 (0.58-1.34, p = 0.550), and 0.50 (0.30-0.85, p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggested that high vitamin B6 intake was associated with a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 2 diabetes.
PURPOSE: Although vitamin B6 has been suspected to prevent the progression of diabetic retinopathy, evidence of this in patients with type 2 diabetes based on longitudinal studies is sparse. This study investigated the relationship between vitamin B6 intake and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study was part of an examination of a nationwide cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol. After excluding nonresponders to a dietary survey using the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups, 978 patients were analyzed. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a diabetic retinopathy event, and Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for retinopathy according to vitamin B6 intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. RESULTS: Mean vitamin B6 intake in quartiles ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 mg/day, and half of the participants had vitamin B6 intake below the recommended daily dietary allowance according to dietary reference intakes in Japanese adults (men 1.4 mg/day; women 1.2 mg/day). After adjusting for confounders, HRs for diabetic retinopathy in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups of vitamin B6 intake compared with the 1st quartile group were 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.69, p = 0.403), 0.88 (0.58-1.34, p = 0.550), and 0.50 (0.30-0.85, p = 0.010), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggested that high vitamin B6 intake was associated with a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 2 diabetes.
Entities:
Keywords:
Diabetic retinopathy; Medical nutrition therapy; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin B6 intake