Grace E Kohn1, Katherine M Rodriguez2, James Hotaling3, Alexander W Pastuszak4. 1. Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA. 2. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. 3. Department of Surgery-Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 4. Department of Surgery-Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Electronic address: alexander.pastuszak@hsc.utah.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has proven an effective treatment for the amelioration of symptoms of menopause. The idea that a substance was the missing factor in a woman's body after menopause dates to the 1800s, when cow ovarian tissue was injected into German women in a successful attempt to reverse the sexual symptoms of menopause. The early 1900s saw the rise of commercialized menopause "treatments" that ranged in substance and even theoretical efficacy. The role of estrogen was first accurately described in Guinea pigs in 1917 by Dr. Papanicolaou. AIM: To tell the detailed history of how estrogen was discovered and the controversy surrounding MHT. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies and historical documents regarding the history of estrogen therapy. RESULTS: The history of estrogen supplementation and its controversies are interesting stories and relevant to today's ongoing investigation into hormone replacement. CONCLUSION: The controversy of MHT remained until the first randomized trials examining MHT in the early 1990s that suggested MHT is cardioprotective in postmenopausal women, although this conclusion was contradicted in subsequent trials. In the present day, MHT is approved only for short-term use for the symptomatic treatment of menopause. Kohn GE, Rodriguez KM, Hotaling J, et al. The History of Estrogen Therapy. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:416-421.
INTRODUCTION: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has proven an effective treatment for the amelioration of symptoms of menopause. The idea that a substance was the missing factor in a woman's body after menopause dates to the 1800s, when cow ovarian tissue was injected into German women in a successful attempt to reverse the sexual symptoms of menopause. The early 1900s saw the rise of commercialized menopause "treatments" that ranged in substance and even theoretical efficacy. The role of estrogen was first accurately described in Guinea pigs in 1917 by Dr. Papanicolaou. AIM: To tell the detailed history of how estrogen was discovered and the controversy surrounding MHT. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies and historical documents regarding the history of estrogen therapy. RESULTS: The history of estrogen supplementation and its controversies are interesting stories and relevant to today's ongoing investigation into hormone replacement. CONCLUSION: The controversy of MHT remained until the first randomized trials examining MHT in the early 1990s that suggested MHT is cardioprotective in postmenopausal women, although this conclusion was contradicted in subsequent trials. In the present day, MHT is approved only for short-term use for the symptomatic treatment of menopause. Kohn GE, Rodriguez KM, Hotaling J, et al. The History of Estrogen Therapy. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:416-421.
Authors: Diana S M Buist; Katherine M Newton; Diana L Miglioretti; Kevin Beverly; Maureen T Connelly; Susan Andrade; Cynthia L Hartsfield; Feifei Wei; K Arnold Chan; Larry Kessler Journal: Obstet Gynecol Date: 2004-11 Impact factor: 7.661
Authors: Jacques E Rossouw; Garnet L Anderson; Ross L Prentice; Andrea Z LaCroix; Charles Kooperberg; Marcia L Stefanick; Rebecca D Jackson; Shirley A A Beresford; Barbara V Howard; Karen C Johnson; Jane Morley Kotchen; Judith Ockene Journal: JAMA Date: 2002-07-17 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: J V Gusmão-Silva; D C K Lichtenecker; L G A Ferreira; Í Gois; R Argeri; G N Gomes; M R Dias-da-Silva Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2022-06-11 Impact factor: 5.467
Authors: Marissa Kraynak; Molly M Willging; Alex L Kuehlmann; Amita A Kapoor; Matthew T Flowers; Ricki J Colman; Jon E Levine; David H Abbott Journal: J Endocr Soc Date: 2022-04-22
Authors: Marie Louise Ndzie Noah; Gabriel Komla Adzika; Richard Mprah; Adebayo Oluwafemi Adekunle; Joseph Adu-Amankwaah; Hong Sun Journal: Front Cardiovasc Med Date: 2021-02-12