Tamires de Oliveira-Silva1, Letícia H Alvarenga1, Cintia Lima-Leal1, Bianca Godoy-Miranda2, Pamela Carribeiro2, Luis Cláudio Suzuki3, Martha Simões Ribeiro3, Ilka Tiemy Kato4, Christiane Pavani5, Renato A Prates6. 1. Dep. of Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil. 2. School of Dentistry, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Center for Lasers and Applications-IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, ABC Federal University (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil. 5. Dep. of Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Dep. of Biophotonics, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: pratesra@uni9.pro.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is an opportunistic commensal microorganism, often associated with severe infections in immunosuppressed individuals. C. albicans has hexose transporters that may favor the intracellular accumulation of photosensitizer (PS). the aims of this study were to investigate the influence of glucose load on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT); and the role that membrane transport system plays on this therapy in the presence of glucose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Strains of C. albicans were selected: ATCC 10231, YEM 12, YEM 13, YEM 14 and YEM 15. All strains were grown aerobically on Sabouraud agar and incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. The strains were treated with and without glucose, and divided into Control (no treatment), LED light (660 nm, 166 mW/cm2), Photosensitizer (100 μM methylene blue) and PACT at 1, 3 and 6 min of irradiation groups. The colony forming units were counted and data submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The concentration of methylene blue (MB) outside the yeast was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS: PACT inactivate C. albicans and the presence of glucose did not affect the killing effect for most strains. Only YEM12 was partially affected by its presence. Regarding efflux systems, ABC overexpressing strain showed a protective effect on the yeast cells. We observed that yeast with overexpression of major facilitator superfamily (MFS) membrane pore tended to accumulate more MB in its cytoplasm, whereas strains that overexpressed ABC pumps (ATP-binding cassette transporters) tended to decrease MB uptake and survive the photodynamic challenge. CONCLUSION: Presence of glucose showed a small effect on PACT . The accumulation of MB on yeast induces more photodynamic inactivation; however, the photodynamic efficacy depends on the type and characteristics of the microbial strain.
BACKGROUND:Candida albicans is an opportunistic commensal microorganism, often associated with severe infections in immunosuppressed individuals. C. albicans has hexose transporters that may favor the intracellular accumulation of photosensitizer (PS). the aims of this study were to investigate the influence of glucose load on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT); and the role that membrane transport system plays on this therapy in the presence of glucose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Strains of C. albicans were selected: ATCC 10231, YEM 12, YEM 13, YEM 14 and YEM 15. All strains were grown aerobically on Sabouraudagar and incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. The strains were treated with and without glucose, and divided into Control (no treatment), LED light (660 nm, 166 mW/cm2), Photosensitizer (100 μM methylene blue) and PACT at 1, 3 and 6 min of irradiation groups. The colony forming units were counted and data submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The concentration of methylene blue (MB) outside the yeast was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS: PACT inactivate C. albicans and the presence of glucose did not affect the killing effect for most strains. Only YEM12 was partially affected by its presence. Regarding efflux systems, ABC overexpressing strain showed a protective effect on the yeast cells. We observed that yeast with overexpression of major facilitator superfamily (MFS) membrane pore tended to accumulate more MB in its cytoplasm, whereas strains that overexpressed ABC pumps (ATP-binding cassette transporters) tended to decrease MB uptake and survive the photodynamic challenge. CONCLUSION: Presence of glucose showed a small effect on PACT . The accumulation of MB on yeast induces more photodynamic inactivation; however, the photodynamic efficacy depends on the type and characteristics of the microbial strain.
Authors: Alena Khadieva; Mansur Rayanov; Ksenia Shibaeva; Alexandr Piskunov; Pavel Padnya; Ivan Stoikov Journal: Molecules Date: 2022-05-08 Impact factor: 4.927
Authors: Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira; Erick Martínez-Herrera; Gabriella Fabbrocini; Beatriz Sanchez-Blanco; Adriana López-Barcenas; May El-Samahy; Eder R Juárez-Durán; José Luís González-Cespón Journal: J Fungi (Basel) Date: 2021-11-29