Katharina A Ponto1,2, Inge Scharrer3, Harald Binder4,5, Christina Korb1, Ann K Rosner1,6, Till O Ehlers1, Nikola Rieser1, Nadja C Grübel1, Heidi Rossmann7, Philipp S Wild2,8,9, Nicolas Feltgen5, Norbert Pfeiffer1, Alireza Mirshahi1,10,11. 1. Department of Ophthalmology. 2. Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 3. Department of Medicine III (Hemostaseology). 4. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics. 5. Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau. 6. Department of Anesthesiology. 7. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 8. Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology. 9. DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center, Mainz. 10. Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen. 11. Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although several risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are known, what triggers RVO is unclear in many cases. We aimed to evaluate the relevance of multiple risk factors in patients with RVO. METHODS: The Gutenberg RVO Study is an observational case-control study that assessed thrombophilic, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and drug-related risk factors in participants with RVO and the same number of matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was chosen to estimate the risk of RVO due to several risk factors. RESULTS: Of 92 patients with RVO, 46 (50%) had central RVO, 31 (33.7%) had branch RVO, and 15 (16.3) had hemi-RVO. Systemic hypertension was associated with RVO [any RVO: odds ratio (OR): 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-2.88; branch RVO: OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.08-6.10]. The most frequent combinations of risk factors were hypertension with dyslipidemia (33 of 92, 35.9%) and hyperhomocysteinemia and high levels of factor VIII (10 of 92, 10.9%). An increase in the risk sum score by one additional risk factor corresponded to ORs of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.31-2.32) for cardiovascular risk factors, 1.38 (95% CI: 1.04-1.82) for thrombophilic risk factors, and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.20-1.70) for the total number of risk factors for RVO. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors are more important than other risk factors for the presence of RVO. The risk of RVO increased by approximately 40% with any additional risk factor and by 70% with any additional cardiovascular risk factor.
OBJECTIVE: Although several risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are known, what triggers RVO is unclear in many cases. We aimed to evaluate the relevance of multiple risk factors in patients with RVO. METHODS: The Gutenberg RVO Study is an observational case-control study that assessed thrombophilic, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and drug-related risk factors in participants with RVO and the same number of matched controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was chosen to estimate the risk of RVO due to several risk factors. RESULTS: Of 92 patients with RVO, 46 (50%) had central RVO, 31 (33.7%) had branch RVO, and 15 (16.3) had hemi-RVO. Systemic hypertension was associated with RVO [any RVO: odds ratio (OR): 1.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-2.88; branch RVO: OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.08-6.10]. The most frequent combinations of risk factors were hypertension with dyslipidemia (33 of 92, 35.9%) and hyperhomocysteinemia and high levels of factor VIII (10 of 92, 10.9%). An increase in the risk sum score by one additional risk factor corresponded to ORs of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.31-2.32) for cardiovascular risk factors, 1.38 (95% CI: 1.04-1.82) for thrombophilic risk factors, and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.20-1.70) for the total number of risk factors for RVO. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk factors are more important than other risk factors for the presence of RVO. The risk of RVO increased by approximately 40% with any additional risk factor and by 70% with any additional cardiovascular risk factor.
Authors: Katharina Bell; Vanessa M Beutgen; Stefan Nickels; Katrin Lorenz; Yvonne Scheller; Hisham Elbaz; Tunde Peto; Katharina A Ponto; Andreas Schulz; Philipp S Wild; Thomas Münzel; Karl J Lackner; Irene Schmidtmann; Manfred Beutel; Norbert Pfeiffer; Franz H Grus; Alexander K Schuster Journal: J Ophthalmol Date: 2020-07-29 Impact factor: 1.909
Authors: Yangjiani Li; Nathan E Hall; Suzann Pershing; Leslie Hyman; Julia A Haller; Aaron Y Lee; Cecilia S Lee; Michael Chiang; Flora Lum; Joan W Miller; Alice Lorch; Tobias Elze Journal: Ophthalmol Retina Date: 2021-05-12
Authors: Christopher P Long; Alison X Chan; Christine Y Bakhoum; Christopher B Toomey; Samantha Madala; Anupam K Garg; William R Freeman; Michael H Goldbaum; Anthony N DeMaria; Mathieu F Bakhoum Journal: EClinicalMedicine Date: 2021-03-02
Authors: Marta Díez-Sotelo; Macarena Díaz; Maximino Abraldes; Francisco Gómez-Ulla; Manuel G Penedo; Marcos Ortega Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2019-09-20 Impact factor: 4.241