Hong Wang1,2,3, Lu Mao1,2,3, Tian Zhang2,3, Liming Zhang2,3, Yuteng Wu2,3, Wei Guo2,3, Jingzhou Hu2,3, Houyu Ju2,3, Guoxin Ren1,2,3. 1. College of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China. 2. Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors have been described to benefit the OSCC patients clinically, it is unknown that whether their expression in tumor immune microenvironment (TME) can determine the clinical outcome in response to nimotuzumab therapy. METHODS: We examined the expression patterns of immune checkpoint receptors (including TIM-3, LAG-3, PD-L1, and CTLA-4) and an immunoregulatory enzyme called IDO in 36 OSCC patients during nimotuzumab therapy by immunohistochemistry. Then, we divided the recruited patients into clinical responders and non-responders according to computed tomography (CT) scan and analyzed the relationship between the immunological parameters and clinical outcome. RESULTS: We observed that nimotuzumab therapy significantly increased the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 in the TME, and the expression of LAG-3 and PD-L1 before nimotuzumab therapy was inversely correlated with the overall survival. In clinical non-responders, we found the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 was significantly increased during nimotuzumab therapy, and the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 before nimotuzumab therapy was negatively correlated with the overall survival. However, in clinical responders, neither of those showed significant. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that these immune checkpoint receptors and IDO could be considered as biomarkers to reflect immune status in the tumor microenvironment during nimotuzumab therapy. Blockade of these immune checkpoint receptors might enhance nimotuzumab-based cancer immunotherapy, thus potentially improving clinical outcomes of OSCC patients.
BACKGROUND: Since the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors have been described to benefit the OSCC patients clinically, it is unknown that whether their expression in tumor immune microenvironment (TME) can determine the clinical outcome in response to nimotuzumab therapy. METHODS: We examined the expression patterns of immune checkpoint receptors (including TIM-3, LAG-3, PD-L1, and CTLA-4) and an immunoregulatory enzyme called IDO in 36 OSCC patients during nimotuzumab therapy by immunohistochemistry. Then, we divided the recruited patients into clinical responders and non-responders according to computed tomography (CT) scan and analyzed the relationship between the immunological parameters and clinical outcome. RESULTS: We observed that nimotuzumab therapy significantly increased the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 in the TME, and the expression of LAG-3 and PD-L1 before nimotuzumab therapy was inversely correlated with the overall survival. In clinical non-responders, we found the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 was significantly increased during nimotuzumab therapy, and the expression of TIM-3, LAG-3, IDO, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 before nimotuzumab therapy was negatively correlated with the overall survival. However, in clinical responders, neither of those showed significant. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that these immune checkpoint receptors and IDO could be considered as biomarkers to reflect immune status in the tumor microenvironment during nimotuzumab therapy. Blockade of these immune checkpoint receptors might enhance nimotuzumab-based cancer immunotherapy, thus potentially improving clinical outcomes of OSCC patients.
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