Long-term anaerobic conservation of fruit and vegetable discards without or with moisture adjustment after aerobic preservation with sodium metabisulfite.

The high moisture and soluble carbohydrates contents of fruit and vegetable discards accelerate putrefaction; thus, the immediate use of preservatives is necessary to prevent their decay and allow further use. Two series of experiments were performed to evaluate the conservation stability of fruit and vegetable discards through ensiling. Fruit and vegetable discards were not treated or treated with 6 g sodium metabisulfite/kg fruit and vegetable discards and aerobically challenged for 7 days. In Experiment 1, sodium metabisulfite-treated fruit and vegetable discards were ensiled alone as high-moisture biomass. Silage fermentation was not effective in preventing the deterioration and mold control, which resulted in the rapid depletion of sugars and dry matter loss in control silage (without sodium metabisulfite). Conversely, the low number of undesirable microorganisms resulted in the negligible loss of nutrients in the sodium metabisulfite-treated silage. In Experiment 2, sodium metabisulfite-treated fruit and vegetable discards were co-ensiled with dry by-product feeds at varying proportions to provide sodium metabisulfite loads of 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4 g/kg biomass. Based on microbiological, nutrient composition, and organoleptic evaluations, the sodium metabisulfite load of 3.2 g/kg biomass provided the most desirable conservation parameters. This study provides a clean route to the safe utilization of the discards for a prolonged period, with negligible dry matter and nutrient loss.