Malon Van den Hof1, Anne Marleen Ter Haar1, Henriette J Scherpbier1, Johanna H van der Lee2, Peter Reiss3,4,5, Ferdinand W N M Wit3,4,5, Kim J Oostrom6, Dasja Pajkrt1. 1. Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Pediatric Clinical Research Office, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Monitoring Foundation, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Emma Children's Hospital, Psychosocial Department, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional analysis of the Neurological, cOgnitive and VIsual performance in hiv-infected Children cohort showed significant cognitive impairment in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated, perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents (PHIV+) compared to age-, sex-, ethnicity- and socioeconomic status (SES)-matched HIV-negative controls (HIV-). In this longitudinal study, we compared cognitive development in the same adolescents over time. METHODS: We repeated the standardized cognitive test battery after a mean of 4.6 years (standard deviation 0.3). In participants who completed both assessments, we compared cognitive trajectories between groups in the domains of intelligence quotient (IQ), processing speed, working memory, executive functioning, learning ability, and visual-motor function, using linear mixed models. We explored associations with disease- and treatment-related factors and used multivariate normative comparison (MNC) to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment. RESULTS: There were 21 PHIV+ and 23 HIV- participants that completed 2 assessments and were similar concerning age, sex, ethnicity, and SES. Compared to HIV- participants, in PHIV+ participants the IQ score increased significantly more over time (group*time 6.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-10.50; P = .012), whereas executive functioning decreased significantly more (group*time -1.43 z score, 95% CI -2.12 to -0.75; P < .001), resulting in the disappearance and appearance of significant differences. Processing speed, working memory, learning ability, and visual-motor function trajectories were not statistically different between groups. Univariately, those who had started cART at an older age deviated more in executive functioning (-0.13 z score, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.02; P = .043). The prevalence of cognitive impairments by MNC was similar in both groups, at both time points. CONCLUSIONS: The cART-treated PHIV+ adolescents appeared to have similar global cognitive development, compared to their healthy peers. Executive functioning trajectory appears to deviate, potentially explained by earlier brain damage.
BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional analysis of the Neurological, cOgnitive and VIsual performance in hiv-infected Children cohort showed significant cognitive impairment in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated, perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents (PHIV+) compared to age-, sex-, ethnicity- and socioeconomic status (SES)-matched HIV-negative controls (HIV-). In this longitudinal study, we compared cognitive development in the same adolescents over time. METHODS: We repeated the standardized cognitive test battery after a mean of 4.6 years (standard deviation 0.3). In participants who completed both assessments, we compared cognitive trajectories between groups in the domains of intelligence quotient (IQ), processing speed, working memory, executive functioning, learning ability, and visual-motor function, using linear mixed models. We explored associations with disease- and treatment-related factors and used multivariate normative comparison (MNC) to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment. RESULTS: There were 21 PHIV+ and 23 HIV- participants that completed 2 assessments and were similar concerning age, sex, ethnicity, and SES. Compared to HIV- participants, in PHIV+ participants the IQ score increased significantly more over time (group*time 6.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-10.50; P = .012), whereas executive functioning decreased significantly more (group*time -1.43 z score, 95% CI -2.12 to -0.75; P < .001), resulting in the disappearance and appearance of significant differences. Processing speed, working memory, learning ability, and visual-motor function trajectories were not statistically different between groups. Univariately, those who had started cART at an older age deviated more in executive functioning (-0.13 z score, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.02; P = .043). The prevalence of cognitive impairments by MNC was similar in both groups, at both time points. CONCLUSIONS: The cART-treated PHIV+ adolescents appeared to have similar global cognitive development, compared to their healthy peers. Executive functioning trajectory appears to deviate, potentially explained by earlier brain damage.
Authors: Jason G van Genderen; Cecilia Chia; Malon Van den Hof; Henk J M M Mutsaerts; Liesbeth Reneman; Dasja Pajkrt; Anouk Schrantee Journal: Neurology Date: 2022-08-08 Impact factor: 11.800
Authors: Gauri Patil; Esau G Mbewe; Pelekelo P Kabundula; Hannah Smith; Sylvia Mwanza-Kabaghe; Alexandra Buda; Heather R Adams; Michael J Potchen; Milimo Mweemba; Brent A Johnson; Giovanni Schifitto; Handy Gelbard; Gretchen L Birbeck; David R Bearden Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2022-10-01 Impact factor: 3.771
Authors: Kristen A McLaurin; Hailong Li; Anna K Cook; Rosemarie M Booze; Charles F Mactutus Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: Malon Van den Hof; Pien E J Jellema; Anne Marleen Ter Haar; Henriette J Scherpbier; Anouk Schrantee; Antonia Kaiser; Matthan W A Caan; Charles B L M Majoie; Peter Reiss; Ferdinand W N M Wit; Henk-Jan M M Mutsaerts; Dasja Pajkrt Journal: AIDS Date: 2021-07-01 Impact factor: 4.632
Authors: M Van den Hof; A M Ter Haar; H J Scherpbier; P Reiss; F W N M Wit; K J Oostrom; D Pajkrt Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-12-05 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: A M Ter Haar; M M Nap-van der Vlist; M Van den Hof; S L Nijhof; R R L van Litsenburg; K J Oostrom; D Pajkrt Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2021-11-20 Impact factor: 2.125
Authors: Jason G van Genderen; Malon Van den Hof; Claudia G de Boer; Hans P G Jansen; Sander J H van Deventer; Sotirios Tsimikas; Joseph L Witztum; John J P Kastelein; Dasja Pajkrt Journal: Viruses Date: 2021-10-14 Impact factor: 5.048