Giacomo Grassi1,2, Nikos Makris3, Stefano Pallanti4,2. 1. University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Neurofarba, Florence, Italy. 2. Institute of Neuroscience, CNS onlus, Florence, Italy. 3. Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Several studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients. METHODS: Forty-four OCD patients, 26 GD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors. RESULTS: Both OCD and GD patients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCD patients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GD patients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GD patients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GD patients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCD patients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: OCD patients showed several similarities and some differences with GD patients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.
OBJECTIVE: Several studies suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients display increased impulsivity, impaired decision-making, and reward system dysfunction. In a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) perspective, these findings are prototypical for addiction and have led some authors to view OCD as a behavioral addiction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate similarities and differences on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, as core dimensions of addiction, across OCD and gambling disorder (GD) patients. METHODS: Forty-four OCDpatients, 26 GDpatients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. Impulsivity was assessed through the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, decision-making through the Iowa Gambling Task, and reward system through a self-report clinical instrument (the Shaps-Hamilton Anhedonia Scale) assessing hedonic tone and through an olfactory test assessing hedonic appraisal to odors. RESULTS: Both OCD and GDpatients showed increased impulsivity when compared to HCs. More specifically, the OCDpatients showed cognitive impulsivity, and the GDpatients showed both increased cognitive and motor impulsivity. Furthermore, both OCD and GDpatients showed impaired decision-making performances when compared to HCs. Finally, GDpatients showed increased anhedonia and blunted hedonic response to pleasant odors unrelated to gambling or depression/anxiety symptoms, while OCDpatients showed only increased anhedonia levels related to OC and depression/anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION:OCDpatients showed several similarities and some differences with GDpatients when compared to HCs on impulsivity, decision-making, and reward system, three core dimensions of addiction. These results could have relevant implications for the research of new treatment targets for OCD.
Authors: Ana Paula Ribeiro; Marcelo Piquet-Pessôa; Carina Félix-da-Silva; Julia Fernandes Eigenheer Mühlbauer; Juliana B de-Salles-Andrade; Leonardo F Fontenelle Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2022-08-26 Impact factor: 3.006
Authors: Martin Trøstheim; Marie Eikemo; Remy Meir; Ingelin Hansen; Elisabeth Paul; Sara Liane Kroll; Eric L Garland; Siri Leknes Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2020-08-03