Paolo Frassanito1, Federico Bianchi2, Giovanni Pennisi3, Luca Massimi3, Gianpiero Tamburrini3, Massimo Caldarelli3. 1. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. paolo.frassanito@gmail.com. 2. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. 3. Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Postnatal growth of neurocranium is prevalently completed in the first years of life, thus deeply affecting the clinical presentation and surgical management of pediatric neurosurgical conditions involving the skull. This paper aims to review the pertinent literature on the normal growth of neurocranium and critically discuss the surgical implications of this factor in cranial repair. METHODS: A search of the electronic database of Pubmed was performed, using the key word "neurocranium growth", thus obtaining 217 results. Forty-six papers dealing with this topic in humans, limited to the English language, were selected. After excluding a few papers dealing with viscerocranium growth or pathological conditions not related to normal neurocranium growth 18 papers were finally included into the present review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The skull growth is very rapid in the first 2 years of life and approximates the adult volume by 7 years of age, with minimal further growth later on, which is warranted by the remodeling of the cranial bones. This factor affects the outcome of cranioplasty. Thus, it is essential to consider age in the planning phase of cranial repair, choice of the material, and critical comparison of results of different cranioplasty solutions.
BACKGROUND: Postnatal growth of neurocranium is prevalently completed in the first years of life, thus deeply affecting the clinical presentation and surgical management of pediatric neurosurgical conditions involving the skull. This paper aims to review the pertinent literature on the normal growth of neurocranium and critically discuss the surgical implications of this factor in cranial repair. METHODS: A search of the electronic database of Pubmed was performed, using the key word "neurocranium growth", thus obtaining 217 results. Forty-six papers dealing with this topic in humans, limited to the English language, were selected. After excluding a few papers dealing with viscerocranium growth or pathological conditions not related to normal neurocranium growth 18 papers were finally included into the present review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The skull growth is very rapid in the first 2 years of life and approximates the adult volume by 7 years of age, with minimal further growth later on, which is warranted by the remodeling of the cranial bones. This factor affects the outcome of cranioplasty. Thus, it is essential to consider age in the planning phase of cranial repair, choice of the material, and critical comparison of results of different cranioplasty solutions.
Authors: A H Abbott; D J Netherway; D B Niemann; B Clark; M Yamamoto; J Cole; A Hanieh; M H Moore; D J David Journal: J Craniofac Surg Date: 2000-05 Impact factor: 1.046
Authors: Robert J Kuczmarski; Cynthia L Ogden; Shumei S Guo; Laurence M Grummer-Strawn; Katherine M Flegal; Zuguo Mei; Rong Wei; Lester R Curtin; Alex F Roche; Clifford L Johnson Journal: Vital Health Stat 11 Date: 2002-05
Authors: Kenton D Fong; Stephen M Warren; Elizabeth G Loboa; James H Henderson; Tony D Fang; Catherine M Cowan; Dennis R Carter; Michael T Longaker Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 4.730
Authors: Gerald A Grant; Matthew Jolley; Richard G Ellenbogen; Theodore S Roberts; Joseph R Gruss; John D Loeser Journal: J Neurosurg Date: 2004-02 Impact factor: 5.115
Authors: Eric Breisch; Elisabeth A Haas; Homeyra Masoumi; Amy E Chadwick; Henry F Krous Journal: Forensic Sci Med Pathol Date: 2010-01-20 Impact factor: 2.007
Authors: Robin Bruggink; Frank Baan; Sander Brons; Tom G J Loonen; Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman; Thomas J J Maal; Edwin M Ongkosuwito Journal: PeerJ Date: 2022-06-07 Impact factor: 3.061
Authors: Yasunori Nagahama; Thomas M Zervos; Kristina K Murata; Lynette Holman; Torin Karsonovich; Jonathon J Parker; Jia-Shu Chen; H Westley Phillips; Marytery Fajardo; Hiroki Nariai; Shaun A Hussain; Brenda E Porter; Gerald A Grant; John Ragheb; Shelly Wang; Brent R O'Neill; Allyson L Alexander; Robert J Bollo; Aria Fallah Journal: Neurosurgery Date: 2021-11-18 Impact factor: 5.315
Authors: Thomas Beez; Martin U Schuhmann; Paolo Frassanito; Federico Di Rocco; Ulrich W Thomale; Hans Christoph Bock Journal: Childs Nerv Syst Date: 2022-05-09 Impact factor: 1.532