Physalis Mottle Virus-like Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Imaging.

One of the greatest challenges in nanomedicine is the low efficiency with which nanoparticles are delivered to lesions such as tumors in vivo. Here, we show that Physalis mottle virus (PhMV)-like nanoparticles can be developed as bimodal contrast agents to achieve long circulation, specific targeting capability, and efficient delivery to tumors in vivo. The self-assembling coat protein nanostructure offers various opportunities to modify the internal and external surfaces separately. After loading the internal cavity of the particles with the fluorescent dye Cy5.5 and paramagnetic Gd(III) complexes, we modified the outer surface by PEGylation and conjugation with targeting peptides. Using this combined approach, we were able to monitor a human prostate tumor model for up to 10 days by near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging, with up to 6% of the injection dose remaining. Our results show that PhMV-like nanoparticles provide a promising and innovative platform for the development of next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic agents.