Henry Ma1, Bruce C V Campbell1, Mark W Parsons1, Leonid Churilov1, Christopher R Levi1, Chung Hsu1, Timothy J Kleinig1, Tissa Wijeratne1, Sami Curtze1, Helen M Dewey1, Ferdinand Miteff1, Chon-Haw Tsai1, Jiunn-Tay Lee1, Thanh G Phan1, Neil Mahant1, Mu-Chien Sun1, Martin Krause1, Jonathan Sturm1, Rohan Grimley1, Chih-Hung Chen1, Chaur-Jong Hu1, Andrew A Wong1, Deborah Field1, Yu Sun1, P Alan Barber1, Arman Sabet1, Jim Jannes1, Jiann-Shing Jeng1, Benjamin Clissold1, Romesh Markus1, Ching-Huang Lin1, Li-Ming Lien1, Christopher F Bladin1, Søren Christensen1, Nawaf Yassi1, Gagan Sharma1, Andrew Bivard1, Patricia M Desmond1, Bernard Yan1, Peter J Mitchell1, Vincent Thijs1, Leeanne Carey1, Atte Meretoja1, Stephen M Davis1, Geoffrey A Donnan1. 1. From Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (H.M., L. Churilov, N.Y., V.T., L. Carey, A.M., G.A.D.), the Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (B.C.V.C., M.W.P., L. Churilov, S. Christensen, N.Y., G.S., A.B., B.Y., A.M., S.M.D., G.A.D.), and the Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (P.M.D., B.Y., P.J.M.), University of Melbourne, Parkville, the Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Clayton (H.M., T.G.P.), the Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne and Western Health, Sunshine Hospital, St. Albans (T.W.), the Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill (H.M.D., C.F.B.), the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Geelong, Deakin University, Geelong (B.C.), the Department of Neurology, Austin Hospital, Austin Health, Heidelberg (V.T.), and Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora (L. Carey), VIC, the Department of Neurology, Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, John Hunter Hospital (C.R.L., F.M.), University of Newcastle (J.S.), Newcastle, the Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital (N.M.), the Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute, University of Sydney (M.K.), and the Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney (R.M.), Sydney, and the Department of Neurology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford (J.S.), NSW, the Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital (T.J.K., J.J.), the Department of Neurology, Lyell McEwin Hospital (D.F.), and the Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (J.J.), Adelaide, SA, the Department of Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Nambour (R.G.), the Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital and the University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.A.W.), and the Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport (A.S.), and Australia and Griffith University, Gold Coast (A.S.), QLD - all in Australia; the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science (C.H.) and the School of Medicine (C.-H.T.), China Medical University, and the Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital (C.-H.T.), Taichung, the Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center (J.-T.L.), the Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital (C.-J.H.), the Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital (Y.S.), the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital (J.-S.J.), and the Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei Medical University College of Medicine (L.-M.L.), Taipei, the Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua (M.-C.S.), the Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan (C.-H.C.), and the Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung (C.-H.L.) - all in Taiwan; the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki (S. Curtze, A.M.); the Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand (P.A.B.); and the Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (S. Christensen).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The time to initiate intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is generally limited to within 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms. Some trials have suggested that the treatment window may be extended in patients who are shown to have ischemic but not yet infarcted brain tissue on imaging. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with ischemic stroke who had hypoperfused but salvageable regions of brain detected on automated perfusion imaging. The patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous alteplase or placebo between 4.5 and 9.0 hours after the onset of stroke or on awakening with stroke (if within 9 hours from the midpoint of sleep). The primary outcome was a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale, on which scores range from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death), at 90 days. The risk ratio for the primary outcome was adjusted for age and clinical severity at baseline. RESULTS:After 225 of the planned 310 patients had been enrolled, the trial was terminated because of a loss of equipoise after the publication of positive results from a previous trial. A total of 113 patients were randomly assigned to the alteplase group and 112 to the placebo group. The primary outcome occurred in 40 patients (35.4%) in the alteplase group and in 33 patients (29.5%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 2.06; P = 0.04). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients (6.2%) in the alteplase group and in 1 patient (0.9%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 7.22; 95% CI, 0.97 to 53.5; P = 0.05). A secondary ordinal analysis of the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale did not show a significant between-group difference in functional improvement at 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Among the patients in this trial who had ischemic stroke and salvageable brain tissue, the use of alteplase between 4.5 and 9.0 hours after stroke onset or at the time the patient awoke with stroke symptoms resulted in a higher percentage of patients with no or minor neurologic deficits than the use of placebo. There were more cases of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage in the alteplase group than in the placebo group. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; EXTEND ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00887328 and NCT01580839.).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The time to initiate intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is generally limited to within 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms. Some trials have suggested that the treatment window may be extended in patients who are shown to have ischemic but not yet infarcted brain tissue on imaging. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with ischemic stroke who had hypoperfused but salvageable regions of brain detected on automated perfusion imaging. The patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous alteplase or placebo between 4.5 and 9.0 hours after the onset of stroke or on awakening with stroke (if within 9 hours from the midpoint of sleep). The primary outcome was a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale, on which scores range from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death), at 90 days. The risk ratio for the primary outcome was adjusted for age and clinical severity at baseline. RESULTS: After 225 of the planned 310 patients had been enrolled, the trial was terminated because of a loss of equipoise after the publication of positive results from a previous trial. A total of 113 patients were randomly assigned to the alteplase group and 112 to the placebo group. The primary outcome occurred in 40 patients (35.4%) in the alteplase group and in 33 patients (29.5%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 2.06; P = 0.04). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients (6.2%) in the alteplase group and in 1 patient (0.9%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio, 7.22; 95% CI, 0.97 to 53.5; P = 0.05). A secondary ordinal analysis of the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale did not show a significant between-group difference in functional improvement at 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Among the patients in this trial who had ischemic stroke and salvageable brain tissue, the use of alteplase between 4.5 and 9.0 hours after stroke onset or at the time the patient awoke with stroke symptoms resulted in a higher percentage of patients with no or minor neurologic deficits than the use of placebo. There were more cases of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage in the alteplase group than in the placebo group. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; EXTEND ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00887328 and NCT01580839.).
Authors: Benjamin Okyere; William A Mills; Xia Wang; Michael Chen; Jiang Chen; Amanda Hazy; Yun Qian; John B Matson; Michelle H Theus Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2020-02-03 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Matthew H Kulzer; Warren Chang; Russell Cerejo; Charles Q Li; James Oskin; Michael Spearman; Ricardo Ochoa; Paul Aldinger; Michael F Goldberg Journal: Emerg Radiol Date: 2021-06-30