Kim G Smolderen1,2, Anna Brush3, Rachel P Dreyer4,5. 1. Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA. smolderenk@umkc.edu. 2. UMKC School of Medicine - Biomedical & Health Informatics, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. smolderenk@umkc.edu. 3. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. 4. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), New Haven, CT, USA. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explain sex and gender approaches to studying acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk and outcomes in younger women (18-55 years). More specifically, by looking at the AMI care pathway-from AMI risk to receiving acute and follow-up outpatient care to longer term AMI outcomes-we will examine where potential psychosocial factors may be associated with inequalities in AMI care and outcomes in younger women. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite recent declines in AMI incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates, younger women stand out as a group whose incidence has risen and who face worse outcomes following AMI, as compared with other groups. A focus on gender, rather than the binary, biological sex construct, allowed researchers to better understand potential pathways as to why younger women are facing this risk. Feminine traits and disproportionate exposures to psychosocial stressors in society at large may be correlated with inequalities in AMI care and further AMI outcomes in younger women. Psychosocial interventions in women with AMI that have proven to be successful have embraced this wider gender concept. Adopting a wider gender-concept to understand roles and demands that are placed on individuals that make them more at risk to experience psychosocial stressors and make it more challenging to organize self-care, get access to care, and equitable care may be needed.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To explain sex and gender approaches to studying acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk and outcomes in younger women (18-55 years). More specifically, by looking at the AMI care pathway-from AMI risk to receiving acute and follow-up outpatient care to longer term AMI outcomes-we will examine where potential psychosocial factors may be associated with inequalities in AMI care and outcomes in younger women. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite recent declines in AMI incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates, younger women stand out as a group whose incidence has risen and who face worse outcomes following AMI, as compared with other groups. A focus on gender, rather than the binary, biological sex construct, allowed researchers to better understand potential pathways as to why younger women are facing this risk. Feminine traits and disproportionate exposures to psychosocial stressors in society at large may be correlated with inequalities in AMI care and further AMI outcomes in younger women. Psychosocial interventions in women with AMI that have proven to be successful have embraced this wider gender concept. Adopting a wider gender-concept to understand roles and demands that are placed on individuals that make them more at risk to experience psychosocial stressors and make it more challenging to organize self-care, get access to care, and equitable care may be needed.
Entities:
Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarction; Gender; Psychosocial factors; Sex; Younger women
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain Jelani; Carlos Mena-Hurtado; Matthew Burg; Robert Soufer; Kensey Gosch; Philip G Jones; John A Spertus; Basmah Safdar; Kim G Smolderen Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2020-08-12 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Rachel P Dreyer; Anthony J Pavlo; Anna Horne; Robert Dunn; Karina Danvers; John Brush; Mike Slade; Larry Davidson Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2021-09-28 Impact factor: 5.501