Danielle Rome1, Alyssa Sales2, Rebecca Leeds3, John Usseglio4, Talea Cornelius4, Catherine Monk5, Kim G Smolderen6, Nathalie Moise7. 1. Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA. 2. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 3. Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA. 4. Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 5. Departments of OB/GYN and Psychiatry, School of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Vagelos, New York, NY, USA. 6. Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 7. Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. nm2562@cumc.columbia.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex and gender differences exist with regard to the association between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review describes the prevalence, mechanisms of action, and management of depression and CVD among women, with a particular focus on coronary heart disease (CHD). RECENT FINDINGS: Women versus men with incident and established CHD have a greater prevalence of depression. Comorbid depression and CHD in women may be associated with greater mortality, and treatment inertia. Proposed mechanisms unique to the association among women of depression and CHD include psychosocial, cardiometabolic, behavioral, inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic factors. The literature supports a stronger association between CHD and the prevalence of depression in women compared to men. It remains unclear whether depression treatment influences cardiovascular outcomes, or if treatment effects differ by sex and/or gender. Further research is needed to establish underlying mechanisms as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex and gender differences exist with regard to the association between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This narrative review describes the prevalence, mechanisms of action, and management of depression and CVD among women, with a particular focus on coronary heart disease (CHD). RECENT FINDINGS: Women versus men with incident and established CHD have a greater prevalence of depression. Comorbid depression and CHD in women may be associated with greater mortality, and treatment inertia. Proposed mechanisms unique to the association among women of depression and CHD include psychosocial, cardiometabolic, behavioral, inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic factors. The literature supports a stronger association between CHD and the prevalence of depression in women compared to men. It remains unclear whether depression treatment influences cardiovascular outcomes, or if treatment effects differ by sex and/or gender. Further research is needed to establish underlying mechanisms as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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