Development of a deep eutectic solvent-based matrix solid phase dispersion methodology for the determination of aflatoxins in crops.

A novel and sensitive deep eutectic solvent-based matrix solid phase dispersion (DES-MSPD) method for the determination of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) in various crops was established using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The DES-MSPD sample preparation procedure was optimized. Based on the optimal conditions, the intra-day and inter-day variability for AFs in all crop samples was less than 7.5%. Linearity was observed with R2 values (>0.994). Using the present method, HPLC-FLD gave the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.03-0.10 μg/kg and the limits of quantification (LOQs) of 0.10-0.33 μg/kg for AFs. This work represents the first attempt of using DESs as a green extraction medium for the extraction of AFs in MSPD. Compared with conventional MSPD methods, the DES-MSPD procedure looks promising as a relatively simple and low cost process to build an assay that can be used for monitoring concentrations of AFs in crops.