Carvedilol and thyroid hormones co-administration mitigates oxidative stress and improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction.

After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress have important roles in the progression to heart failure. As a therapeutic alternative, thyroid hormones (TH) revealed cardioprotective effects after AMI, including decreasing oxidative stress. Carvedilol beta-blocker, already used in the clinical treatment of AMI, also mitigate cardiac pathological remodelling. This study assessed the effects of post-AMI carvedilol and TH co-administration on oxidative stress and cardiac function as well as whether those effects were synergistic. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: sham-operated (SHAM), infarcted (MI), infarcted + TH (MI + TH), infarcted + carvedilol (MI + C) and infarcted + C + TH (MI + C + TH). Two days post-surgery, the SHAM and MI groups received saline, and treated groups received their respective treatments by gavage for 12 days. The animals were submitted to echocardiographic evaluation, ventricular catheterization and euthanized for heart collection to perform oxidative stress analysis. Treated groups improved for ejection fraction compared to the MI group. Carvedilol decreased the positive chronotropic TH effects in the MI + C + TH group. The MI and MI + C groups had increased reactive oxygen species and reduced sulfhydryl levels. Carvedilol and TH co-administration showed synergic effects in the MI + C + TH group, reducing reactive oxygen species levels and improving GSH/GSSG ratio. Moreover, co-treatment attenuated NADPH oxidase activity in the MI group. Therefore, this study showed for the first time that carvedilol and TH co-administration may improve redox balance and cardiac function after AMI. Such co-administration could represent a therapeutic strategy capable of preventing cardiac dysfunction and redox unbalance after AMI.