Flexible Linguistic Expressions and Consensus Reaching With Accurate Constraints in Group Decision-Making.

Various linguistic expressions have been presented to model the flexibility of linguistic preference expressions and to support the consensus reaching in linguistic group decision-making (GDM). In this paper, we propose the concept of flexible linguistic expressions (FLEs) as a general linguistic preference expression format to improve the flexibility of the construction of complex linguistic expressions and the elicitation of linguistic preferences and, then, we develop a new linguistic GDM model with FLEs, referred to as FLE-based GDM (FLEGDM). In the FLEGDM, an FLE aggregation process with accurate constraints is developed to improve the quality (i.e., accuracy) of the collective result as well as guarantee the principle of minimum preference-loss through a mixed 0-1 linear programming model. Meanwhile, the consensus rules with minimum preference-loss are designed to support the consensus reaching process (CRS) in the FLEGDM. Finally, we present the detailed comparative analysis involving different linguistic GDM models to show the advantages of the FLEGDM.