Petar Milovanovic1,2, Björn Busse3,4. 1. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 55A, 22529, Hamburg, Germany. 2. Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 3. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestrasse 55A, 22529, Hamburg, Germany. b.busse@uke.uni-hamburg.de. 4. Forum Medical Technology Health Hamburg (FMTHH), Heisenberg Research Group of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. b.busse@uke.uni-hamburg.de.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides a review on the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network in the human skeleton. It highlights characteristics of the osteocyte lacunar network in relation to different skeletal sites and fracture susceptibility. RECENT FINDINGS: Application of 2D analyses (quantitative backscattered electron microscopy, histology, confocal laser scanning microscopy) and 3D reconstructions (microcomputed tomography and synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography) provides extended high-resolution information on osteocyte lacunar properties in individuals of various age (fetal, children's growth, elderly), sex, and disease states with increased fracture risk. Recent findings on the distribution of osteocytes in the human skeleton are reviewed. Quantitative data highlighting the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network is presented with special emphasis on site specificity and maintenance of bone health. The causes and consequences of heterogeneous distribution of osteocyte lacunae both within specific regions of interest and on the skeletal level are reviewed and linked to differential bone quality factors and fracture susceptibility.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides a review on the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network in the human skeleton. It highlights characteristics of the osteocyte lacunar network in relation to different skeletal sites and fracture susceptibility. RECENT FINDINGS: Application of 2D analyses (quantitative backscattered electron microscopy, histology, confocal laser scanning microscopy) and 3D reconstructions (microcomputed tomography and synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography) provides extended high-resolution information on osteocyte lacunar properties in individuals of various age (fetal, children's growth, elderly), sex, and disease states with increased fracture risk. Recent findings on the distribution of osteocytes in the human skeleton are reviewed. Quantitative data highlighting the variability of the osteocyte lacunar network is presented with special emphasis on site specificity and maintenance of bone health. The causes and consequences of heterogeneous distribution of osteocyte lacunae both within specific regions of interest and on the skeletal level are reviewed and linked to differential bone quality factors and fracture susceptibility.
Entities:
Keywords:
Aging; Bone development; Bone strength; Inter-site differences; Mechanical loading; Osteocyte distribution; Osteocyte lacunar number
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