Miatta A Buxton1, Noemi Meraz-Cruz2, Brisa N Sánchez3, Betsy Foxman4, Carina J Gronlund5, Jorge Beltran-Montoya6, Marisol Castillo-Castrejon1, Marie S O'Neill1,4, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega1,2. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 6. Sub-comité Académico de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe characteristics of cervicovaginal cytokines obtained during pregnancy from women who subsequently delivered at term. STUDY DESIGN: We used repeated measures of 20 cervicovaginal cytokines, collected on average on a monthly basis, from the second to the ninth month of gestation among 181 term pregnancies in the Mexico City Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses cohort (2009-2014). Cytokines were quantified using multiplex assay. RESULTS: Cytokine distributions differed more between than within cytokines. Across trimesters, cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-1α, and IL-8 consistently had high concentrations compared with other measured cytokines. Cytokine intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients among cytokine pairs varied but correlation directions were stable; 95.3% of the 190 correlation pairs remained either negative or positive across trimesters. Mean longitudinal patterns of log-transformed cytokines from Tobit regression varied across but less within cytokines. CONCLUSION: Although mean concentrations of cervicovaginal cytokines among term pregnancies were high, they were largely stable over time. The high cytokine concentrations corroborate that pregnancy is associated with an active inflammatory state. These characterizations may serve as a baseline for comparison to other obstetric outcomes, which may be helpful in understanding deviations from normal gestational inflammation. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe characteristics of cervicovaginal cytokines obtained during pregnancy from women who subsequently delivered at term. STUDY DESIGN: We used repeated measures of 20 cervicovaginal cytokines, collected on average on a monthly basis, from the second to the ninth month of gestation among 181 term pregnancies in the Mexico City Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses cohort (2009-2014). Cytokines were quantified using multiplex assay. RESULTS: Cytokine distributions differed more between than within cytokines. Across trimesters, cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-1α, and IL-8 consistently had high concentrations compared with other measured cytokines. Cytokine intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients among cytokine pairs varied but correlation directions were stable; 95.3% of the 190 correlation pairs remained either negative or positive across trimesters. Mean longitudinal patterns of log-transformed cytokines from Tobit regression varied across but less within cytokines. CONCLUSION: Although mean concentrations of cervicovaginal cytokines among term pregnancies were high, they were largely stable over time. The high cytokine concentrations corroborate that pregnancy is associated with an active inflammatory state. These characterizations may serve as a baseline for comparison to other obstetric outcomes, which may be helpful in understanding deviations from normal gestational inflammation. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.
Authors: Marie S O'Neill; Alvaro Osornio-Vargas; Miatta A Buxton; Brisa N Sánchez; Leonora Rojas-Bracho; Marisol Castillo-Castrejon; Irina B Mordhukovich; Daniel G Brown; Felipe Vadillo-Ortega Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2012-11-21 Impact factor: 7.963