Liliane Patrícia De Souza Mendes1, Danielle Soares Rocha Vieira2, Leticia Silva Gabriel1, Giane Amorim Ribeiro-Samora1, Armèle Dornelas De Andrade3, Daniella Cunha Brandão3, Maria Clara Goes4, Guilherme Augusto Freitas Fregonezi4, Raquel Rodrigues Britto5, Verônica Franco Parreira6. 1. Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2. Health Science Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá, SC, Brazil. 3. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. 4. PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes - Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (HUOL/EBSERH), Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil. 5. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 6. Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: veronicaparreira@yahoo.com.br.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of posture, sex, and age on breathing pattern and chest wall motion during quiet breathing in healthy participants. METHODS: Eighty-three participants aged 42.72 (SD=21.74) years presenting normal pulmonary function were evaluated by optoelectronic plethysmography in the seated, inclined (with 45° of trunk inclination), and supine positions. This method allowed to assess the chest wall in a three dimensional way considering the chest wall as three compartments: pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage and abdomen. RESULTS: Posture influenced all variables of breathing pattern and chest wall motion, except respiratory rate and duty cycle. Chest wall tidal volume and minute ventilation were reduced (p<0.05) in both sexes from seated to inclined and from seated to supine positions, mainly in males. Moreover, moving from seated to supine position significantly increased the percentage contribution of the abdomen to the tidal volume in both sexes (p<0.0001). Regarding sex, women showed higher contribution of thoracic compartment compared to men (p=0.008). Aging provided reductions on rib cage contributions to tidal volume that were compensated by increases of abdomen contributions (p<0.0001). In addition, increases in end-inspiratory and end-expiratory volumes over the years were observed. CONCLUSION: The degree of contribution of chest wall compartments is dependent on posture, sex, and age. Therefore, verticalization increases expansion of pulmonary rib cage as well as horizontalization increases abdominal displacement. Women presented higher thoracic contribution to tidal volume than men. Aging reduces rib cage contributions to tidal volume that were compensated by increases of abdomen contributions.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effects of posture, sex, and age on breathing pattern and chest wall motion during quiet breathing in healthy participants. METHODS: Eighty-three participants aged 42.72 (SD=21.74) years presenting normal pulmonary function were evaluated by optoelectronic plethysmography in the seated, inclined (with 45° of trunk inclination), and supine positions. This method allowed to assess the chest wall in a three dimensional way considering the chest wall as three compartments: pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage and abdomen. RESULTS: Posture influenced all variables of breathing pattern and chest wall motion, except respiratory rate and duty cycle. Chest wall tidal volume and minute ventilation were reduced (p<0.05) in both sexes from seated to inclined and from seated to supine positions, mainly in males. Moreover, moving from seated to supine position significantly increased the percentage contribution of the abdomen to the tidal volume in both sexes (p<0.0001). Regarding sex, women showed higher contribution of thoracic compartment compared to men (p=0.008). Aging provided reductions on rib cage contributions to tidal volume that were compensated by increases of abdomen contributions (p<0.0001). In addition, increases in end-inspiratory and end-expiratory volumes over the years were observed. CONCLUSION: The degree of contribution of chest wall compartments is dependent on posture, sex, and age. Therefore, verticalization increases expansion of pulmonary rib cage as well as horizontalization increases abdominal displacement. Women presented higher thoracic contribution to tidal volume than men. Aging reduces rib cage contributions to tidal volume that were compensated by increases of abdomen contributions.
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