Zhangqun Ye1,2, Guohua Zeng3, Huan Yang1,2, Jianxin Li4, Kun Tang1,2, Guomin Wang5, Shusheng Wang6, Yonggang Yu7, Yujie Wang8, Tao Zhang9, Yongfu Long10, Weibin Li11, Changmin Wang12, Wei Wang13, Sihe Gao14, Yuxi Shan15, Xiaobo Huang16, Zhiming Bai17, Xiaohan Lin18, Yue Cheng19, Qinzhang Wang20, Zhuoqun Xu21, Liping Xie22, Jianlin Yuan23, Shengqiang Ren24, Yuhui Fan25, Tiejun Pan26, Jing Wang27, Xun Li28, Xuehua Chen29, Xiaojian Gu29, Zhaolin Sun30, Kefeng Xiao31, Jianye Jia32, Qinghua Zhang33, Gongxian Wang34, Ting Sun34, Xuedong Li35, Changbao Xu36, Chuangliang Xu37, Guowei Shi38, Jiayang He38, Leming Song39, Guang Sun40, Dongwen Wang41, Yili Liu42, Chunxi Wang43, Yi Han44, Peiyu Liang45, Zhiping Wang46, Wei He1,2, Zhiqiang Chen1,2, Jinchun Xing47, Hua Xu1,2. 1. Department of Urology, Tongji Medical School, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 2. Hubei Institute of Urology, Wuhan, China. 3. Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 4. Department of Urology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China. 5. Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 6. Department of Urology, GuangDong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. 7. Department of Urology, The No. 181 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China. 8. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China. 9. Department of Urology, The No. 5 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Yinchuan, China. 10. Department of Urology, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, China. 11. Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 12. Department of Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China. 13. Department of Urology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 14. Department of Urology, Gaomi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaomi, China. 15. Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Suzhou University Medical School, Suzhou, China. 16. Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. 17. Department of Urology, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China. 18. Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China. 19. Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo University Medical School, Ningbo, China. 20. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical School, Shihezi, China. 21. Department of Urology, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China. 22. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 23. Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. 24. Department of Urology, The No. 113 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Ningbo, China. 25. Department of Urology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, China. 26. Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, Wuhan, China. 27. Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China. 28. Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 29. Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. 30. Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China. 31. Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, China. 32. Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 33. Department of Urology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China. 34. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. 35. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. 36. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Medical School, Zhengzhou, China. 37. Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. 38. Department of Urology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai City, Shanghai, China. 39. Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China. 40. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 41. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China. 42. Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. 43. Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. 44. Department of Urology, Shenyang Red-Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China. 45. Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China. 46. Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University Medical School, Lanzhou, China. 47. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore characteristics of urinary stone composition in China, and determine the effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), stone location, and geographical region on stone composition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse stones from consecutive patients presenting with new-onset urolithiasis at 46 hospitals in seven geographical areas of China, between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2015. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between stone composition and gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region. RESULTS: The most common stone constituents were: calcium oxalate (CaOx; 65.9%), carbapatite (15.6%), urate (12.4%), struvite (2.7%), and brushite (1.7%). CaOx and urate stones occurred more frequently in males, whereas carbapatite and struvite were more common in females (P < 0.01). CaOx and carbapatite were more common in those aged 30-50 and 20-40 years than in other groups. Brushite and struvite were most common amongst those aged <20 and >70 years. The detection rate of urate increased with age, whilst cystine decreased with age. Obese patients were more likely to have urate stones than carbapatite or brushite stones (P < 0.01). CaOx, carbapatite, brushite, and cystine stones were more frequently found in the kidney than other types, whereas urate and struvite were more frequent in the bladder (P < 0.01). Stone composition varied by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS: The most common stone composition was CaOx, followed by carbapatite, urate, struvite, and brushite. Stone composition differed significantly in patients grouped by gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region.
OBJECTIVES: To explore characteristics of urinary stone composition in China, and determine the effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), stone location, and geographical region on stone composition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively used Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse stones from consecutive patients presenting with new-onset urolithiasis at 46 hospitals in seven geographical areas of China, between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2015. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between stone composition and gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region. RESULTS: The most common stone constituents were: calcium oxalate (CaOx; 65.9%), carbapatite (15.6%), urate (12.4%), struvite (2.7%), and brushite (1.7%). CaOx and urate stones occurred more frequently in males, whereas carbapatite and struvite were more common in females (P < 0.01). CaOx and carbapatite were more common in those aged 30-50 and 20-40 years than in other groups. Brushite and struvite were most common amongst those aged <20 and >70 years. The detection rate of urate increased with age, whilst cystine decreased with age. Obesepatients were more likely to have urate stones than carbapatite or brushite stones (P < 0.01). CaOx, carbapatite, brushite, and cystine stones were more frequently found in the kidney than other types, whereas urate and struvite were more frequent in the bladder (P < 0.01). Stone composition varied by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS: The most common stone composition was CaOx, followed by carbapatite, urate, struvite, and brushite. Stone composition differed significantly in patients grouped by gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region.
Authors: Jonathan E Katz; Nachiketh Soodana-Prakash; Anika Jain; Madhumita Parmar; Nicholas Smith; Oleksandr Kryvenko; Glenn W Austin; Hemendra N Shah Journal: Eur Urol Open Sci Date: 2021-10-28