Jerry L Lowder1, Tamara G Bavendam2, Amanda Berry3, Sonya S Brady4, Colleen M Fitzgerald5,6, Cynthia S Fok7, Patricia S Goode8,9, Cora E Lewis10, Elizabeth R Mueller5, Diane K Newman11, Mary H Palmer12, Leslie Rickey13, Ann Stapleton14, Emily S Lukacz15. 1. Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. 2. Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Disease, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. 3. Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 4. Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 5. Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 6. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 7. Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 8. Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 9. Birmingham/Atlanta Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham, Alabama. 10. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. 11. Department of Urology, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 12. School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 13. Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Urology and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 14. Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. 15. Division of Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
Abstract
AIM: To report research terminology and definitions for describing healthy bladder function among women and girls. METHODS: The Prevention of Lower Urinary tract Symptoms (PLUS) Consortium developed research terminology and definitions for elements of healthy bladder function based on existing understanding of storage and emptying functions of the bladder and accepted definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The novel concept of a bladder "bioregulatory" function was also proposed. Elements of bladder function corresponding to bladder health (BH) and LUTS were developed and refined using an iterative process. A comprehensive reference table structured by bladder function (Storage, Emptying, and Bioregulatory) and elements of each function was created to document proposed research terminology and definitions. RESULTS: The BH research definitions for each bladder function are: (1) Storage: the ability to hold urine for a reasonable duration of time and sense bladder fullness without fear of or concern about urgency, discomfort or leakage; (2) Emptying: the ability to empty the bladder completely in a timely, efficient, effortless, comfortable manner; and (3) Bioregulatory: the bladder barrier protects the individual/host from pathogens, chemicals, and malignancy. Research definitions for seven Storage, seven Emptying, and three Bioregulatory elements of function are presented. Novel LUTS research definitions were developed when gaps in existing definitions were identified or nonclinical language was desired. CONCLUSIONS: PLUS BH definitions reflect a transdisciplinary approach to standardizing research definitions for elements of bladder function from a perspective of health rather than dysfunction and provide a framework for studying BH in clinical practice, public health promotion, and LUTS prevention.
AIM: To report research terminology and definitions for describing healthy bladder function among women and girls. METHODS: The Prevention of Lower Urinary tract Symptoms (PLUS) Consortium developed research terminology and definitions for elements of healthy bladder function based on existing understanding of storage and emptying functions of the bladder and accepted definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The novel concept of a bladder "bioregulatory" function was also proposed. Elements of bladder function corresponding to bladder health (BH) and LUTS were developed and refined using an iterative process. A comprehensive reference table structured by bladder function (Storage, Emptying, and Bioregulatory) and elements of each function was created to document proposed research terminology and definitions. RESULTS: The BH research definitions for each bladder function are: (1) Storage: the ability to hold urine for a reasonable duration of time and sense bladder fullness without fear of or concern about urgency, discomfort or leakage; (2) Emptying: the ability to empty the bladder completely in a timely, efficient, effortless, comfortable manner; and (3) Bioregulatory: the bladder barrier protects the individual/host from pathogens, chemicals, and malignancy. Research definitions for seven Storage, seven Emptying, and three Bioregulatory elements of function are presented. Novel LUTS research definitions were developed when gaps in existing definitions were identified or nonclinical language was desired. CONCLUSIONS:PLUSBH definitions reflect a transdisciplinary approach to standardizing research definitions for elements of bladder function from a perspective of health rather than dysfunction and provide a framework for studying BH in clinical practice, public health promotion, and LUTS prevention.
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