Mingliang Jin1,2,3, Sylvia Kalainy4, Nami Baskota1, Diana Chiang5, Edward C Deehan1, Chelsea McDougall4, Puneeta Tandon4, Inés Martínez1, Carlos Cervera5,6, Jens Walter1,7, Juan G Abraldes4. 1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 2. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China. 3. School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China. 4. Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 6. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 7. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cirrhosis is associated with dysbiosis, but its functional consequences are still largely unknown. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) account for physiological interactions between the gut microbiota and host. Our aim was to assess the impact of cirrhotic dysbiosis on the production of SCFAs. METHODS: Seventeen patients with cirrhosis and 17 controls were selected. Microbiota composition in faecal samples was assessed by next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SCFAs were measured with GC-MS in faecal samples and after in vitro batch fermentations using arabinoxylan, resistant starch, pectin, and lactulose as substrates. RESULTS: Among the 17 cirrhotic patients (mean age 58, eight males), six, nine and two were, respectively, Child-Pugh class A, B and C. Eleven patients were on oral antibiotics, 11 on lactulose and 13 on proton pump inhibitors. Cirrhotic patients showed marked differences in the composition and diversity of gut microbiome when compared to controls, that were more pronounced with increased severity. Stool samples from cirrhotic patients showed lower SCFAs content and reduced capacity to produce SCFAs in batch fermentations, with butyrate production being the most abnormal. These functional aberrancies were more pronounced with greater liver disease severity. Abundance of Ruminococcus faecis (in family Ruminococcaceae), Faecalicatena fissicatena and Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans (in family Lachnospiraceae) was positively correlated with the SCFAs production. CONCLUSION: Cirrhotic dysbiosis is associated with a decreased capacity to ferment non-digestible carbohydrates into SCFAs, especially into butyrate. These functional abnormalities are more pronounced as disease progresses. These results might inform the design of gut-targeted therapies for cirrhosis.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cirrhosis is associated with dysbiosis, but its functional consequences are still largely unknown. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) account for physiological interactions between the gut microbiota and host. Our aim was to assess the impact of cirrhotic dysbiosis on the production of SCFAs. METHODS: Seventeen patients with cirrhosis and 17 controls were selected. Microbiota composition in faecal samples was assessed by next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SCFAs were measured with GC-MS in faecal samples and after in vitro batch fermentations using arabinoxylan, resistant starch, pectin, and lactulose as substrates. RESULTS: Among the 17 cirrhoticpatients (mean age 58, eight males), six, nine and two were, respectively, Child-Pugh class A, B and C. Eleven patients were on oral antibiotics, 11 on lactulose and 13 on proton pump inhibitors. Cirrhoticpatients showed marked differences in the composition and diversity of gut microbiome when compared to controls, that were more pronounced with increased severity. Stool samples from cirrhoticpatients showed lower SCFAs content and reduced capacity to produce SCFAs in batch fermentations, with butyrate production being the most abnormal. These functional aberrancies were more pronounced with greater liver disease severity. Abundance of Ruminococcus faecis (in family Ruminococcaceae), Faecalicatena fissicatena and Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans (in family Lachnospiraceae) was positively correlated with the SCFAs production. CONCLUSION:Cirrhotic dysbiosis is associated with a decreased capacity to ferment non-digestible carbohydrates into SCFAs, especially into butyrate. These functional abnormalities are more pronounced as disease progresses. These results might inform the design of gut-targeted therapies for cirrhosis.
Authors: Roman Maslennikov; Vladimir Ivashkin; Aliya Alieva; Elena Poluektova; Anna Kudryavtseva; George Krasnov; Maria Zharkova; Yuri Zharikov Journal: World J Hepatol Date: 2022-06-27
Authors: Krishnakant Saboo; Amirhossein Shamsaddini; Mihir V Iyer; Chang Hu; Andrew Fagan; Edith A Gavis; Melanie B White; Michael Fuchs; Douglas M Heuman; Masoumeh Sikaroodi; Ravishankar K Iyer; Patrick M Gillevet; Jasmohan S Bajaj Journal: J Hepatol Date: 2020-07-15 Impact factor: 25.083