Nano genome altas (NGA) of body wide organ responses.

Nanoparticles are widely developed and utilized in the pharmaceutical and medicine industry, as they can be easily distributed and infiltrated throughout the whole body once administered; however, the body wide effect of nanoparticles infiltration is still unclear. In this study, we developed a new strategy of Nano Genome Altas (NGA) of multi-tissues to study the acute Body-wide-Organ-Transcriptomic response to nanomaterials. Hydroxyapatite(HA)-Nanoparticles (HANPs) was applied in this study as an example both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that the effect of HANPs is organ specific and mainly related to immune responses in spleen and muscle, proliferation in spleen and bone, stress and apoptosis in spleen and PBMC, ion transport in spleen, kidney, and liver tissues, metabolism in heart, spleen, and muscle, as well as tissue specific epigenetic and signal pathways. In vitro experiments also confirmed that the effects of HANPs on different tissue stem cells were tissue specific. Thus, Nano Genome Altas can provide a body-wide view of the transcriptomic response of multiple organs and tissue specific stem cells to HANPs; it could also be useful for optimizing HANPs and other nano-delivery systems.